{"service":"asiaref","description":"Asian government reference data: clean, cited JSON for policy rates, tax rates, minimum wages, public holidays and more.","countries":[{"country":"AE","name":"United Arab Emirates","currency":"AED","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"CBUAE Base Rate (Overnight Deposit Facility)","description":"The Base Rate set by the Central Bank of the UAE, applied to the Overnight Deposit Facility (ODF). It signals the general stance of monetary policy and provides an effective floor for overnight money-market interest rates in the UAE. It is NOT an independent policy decision: the AED is pegged to the US dollar at 3.6725, so the Base Rate is anchored to the US Federal Reserve's Interest Rate on Reserve Balances (IORB) and the CBUAE adjusts it on its own initiative immediately after each FOMC move.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2025-12-11","source":{"name":"CBUAE press release 'CBUAE Lowers the Base Rate by 25 Basis Points', Abu Dhabi 10 December 2025 — cut the Base Rate applicable to the Overnight Deposit Facility (ODF) from 3.90% to 3.65%, effective from Thursday 11 December 2025, following the US Fed's 25bp cut to the IORB the same day","url":"https://www.centralbank.ae/media/051jybbj/cbuae-lowers-the-base-rate-by-25-basis-points-en.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/ae/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"VAT standard rate","description":"Standard rate of Value Added Tax under Federal Decree-Law No. (8) of 2017 on Value Added Tax, administered by the Federal Tax Authority (FTA). A federal, GCC-framework VAT introduced across the UAE on 1 January 2018.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2018-01-01","source":{"name":"Federal Decree-Law No. (8) of 2017 on Value Added Tax, Article (3) Tax Rate — 'a standard rate of 5% shall be imposed on any supply or Import pursuant to Article (2) of this Decree-Law' (Federal Tax Authority, unofficial English translation)","url":"https://tax.gov.ae/DataFolder/Files/Pdf/VAT-Decree-Law-No-8-of-2017.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/ae/vat"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Statutory minimum wage","description":"Private-sector statutory minimum wage. STRUCTURAL NULL — the UAE has no statutory minimum wage figure for the private sector. The Labour Law empowers the Cabinet to set one but no such rate has ever been issued.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"Federal Decree-Law No. (33) of 2021 on the Regulation of Employment Relationships ('UAE Labour Law', in force 2 February 2022), Article 27 — the minimum wage 'shall be determined and assessed' by Cabinet resolution upon a proposal of the Minister of Human Resources and Emiratisation (MoHRE) in coordination with the relevant authorities; no such resolution has been issued","url":"https://www.mohre.gov.ae/en/labour-law.aspx"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/ae/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Official public holidays for the private and public sectors for calendar year 2026, unified under Cabinet Resolution No. (27) of 2024 concerning public holidays in the State. Fixed Gregorian holidays are certain; the Islamic (Hijri) holidays are movable, depend on moon-sighting, and are announced by the UAE Cabinet — the dates below are astronomical estimates and may shift by a day.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"u.ae (Official Platform of the UAE Government) — Public holidays, per Cabinet Resolution No. (27) of 2024: fixed holidays are Gregorian New Year (1 Jan), Commemoration Day (1 Dec) and National Day (2-3 Dec); Islamic holidays (Eid Al Fitr 4 days, Arafah Day + Eid Al Adha, Hijri New Year, Prophet's Birthday) follow the Hijri calendar and are set by moon-sighting","url":"https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/public-holidays-and-religious-affairs/public-holidays"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/ae/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"CPI inflation (year-on-year)","description":"Headline national Consumer Price Index inflation, year-on-year percent, latest published national figure. Compiled by the Federal Competitiveness and Statistics Centre (FCSC) on a 2021=100 base; the national aggregate is published with a lag, while the individual emirates (Abu Dhabi/SCAD, Dubai/DSC) release more current emirate-level CPI.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2025-12-01","source":{"name":"Central Bank of the UAE — Quarterly Economic Review, June 2026 (GCC inflation section): 'the UAE's inflation stood at 2.0% Y-o-Y in December 2025'. Producer of the underlying series: Federal Competitiveness and Statistics Centre (FCSC), Consumer Price Index, base 2021=100","url":"https://www.centralbank.ae/media/rafjunsc/qer_june_2026.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/ae/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate Tax (headline rate)","description":"Federal Corporate Tax on business profits under Federal Decree-Law No. (47) of 2022 on the Taxation of Corporations and Businesses, administered by the Federal Tax Authority. A NEW tax, effective for financial years starting on or after 1 June 2023: 0% on taxable income up to AED 375,000 and 9% above. This series carries the 9% headline rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2023-06-01","source":{"name":"Federal Decree-Law No. (47) of 2022 on the Taxation of Corporations and Businesses, Article 3 — Corporate Tax imposed at 0% on the portion of taxable income not exceeding the amount set by Cabinet decision and 9% on the excess; the AED 375,000 threshold is fixed by Cabinet Decision No. (116) of 2022 (UAE Ministry of Finance, official English translation)","url":"https://mof.gov.ae/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Federal-Decree-Law-No.-47-of-2022-EN.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/ae/corporate-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax","description":"Personal income tax on individuals' employment and other personal income. STRUCTURAL NULL — the UAE levies no personal income tax. There is no statute imposing tax on individuals' salaries or personal income.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"u.ae (Official Platform of the UAE Government), Taxation — the UAE does not levy income tax on individuals; the federal taxes in force are VAT (5%), excise tax and Corporate Tax on business profits (9%), none of which is a personal income tax","url":"https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/finance-and-investment/taxation"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/ae/income-tax"}]},{"country":"BD","name":"Bangladesh","currency":"BDT","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"Policy Rate (Repo)","description":"Bangladesh Bank's overnight repurchase agreement (repo) rate, the benchmark policy rate at the centre of the interest rate corridor.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2024-10-27","source":{"name":"Bangladesh Bank, Monetary Policy Statement H1FY27 (July-December 2026), Monetary Policy Department, issued 30 June 2026","url":"https://www.bb.org.bd/monetaryactivity/mps/mps_h1fy27.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/bd/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"Value Added Tax (standard rate)","description":"Standard rate of VAT on taxable imports and taxable supplies in Bangladesh.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2019-07-01","source":{"name":"The Value Added Tax and Supplementary Duty Act, 2012 (Act No. 47 of 2012), section 15(3), as published by the National Board of Revenue","url":"https://nbr.gov.bd/uploads/acts/18.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/bd/vat"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Minimum Wage","description":"Statutory minimum wage floor.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2006-10-11","source":{"name":"Bangladesh Labour Act, 2006 (Act No. XLII of 2006), Chapter XI, sections 138-149 (Minimum Wages Board), Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs Division; sectoral floors are declared by Ministry of Labour and Employment gazette notification","url":"http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-details-952.html"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/bd/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public Holidays","description":"Government-declared public holidays for calendar year 2026 (general holidays plus holidays by executive order).","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, Ministry of Public Administration, Regulations Wing, Regulation-6 Branch, Prggapon (Notification) No. 05.00.0000.000.175.08.0008.25-17 dated 24 Kartik 1432 / 09 November 2025 - holiday list for the year 2026","url":"https://mopa.gov.bd/pages/public-holiday/%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%AC-%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8-2df487-694139b2a31054345f0e6346"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/bd/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"Consumer Price Inflation","description":"National point-to-point (year-on-year) general consumer price inflation, base 2021-22 = 100.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-06-01","source":{"name":"Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, National Accounting Wing, Price and Wage Statistics Branch - Monthly Release on Price & Wage Statistics (CPI and WRI), June 2026, signed 06/07/2026","url":"https://objectstorage.ap-dcc-gazipur-1.oraclecloud15.com/n/axvjbnqprylg/b/V2Ministry/o/office-bbs/2026/6/a97d7f48-8468-4232-8db9-e4beed549a34.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/bd/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate Income Tax (standard rate)","description":"Standard corporate income tax rate for a non-publicly-traded resident company.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-07-01","source":{"name":"Finance Act, 2026 (Act No. 96 of 2026), assented 30 June 2026, published Bangladesh Gazette Extraordinary, 30 June 2026 - rate schedule for assessment year 2026-27, read with the Income Tax Act, 2023 (Act No. 12 of 2023)","url":"https://nbr.gov.bd/uploads/acts/Finance_Act_2026.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/bd/corporate-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal Income Tax (progressive bands)","description":"Progressive personal income tax rate schedule for resident individuals, assessment year 2026-27.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-07-01","source":{"name":"Finance Act, 2026 (Act No. 96 of 2026), assented 30 June 2026, published Bangladesh Gazette Extraordinary, 30 June 2026 - individual rate schedule for assessment year 2026-27, read with the Income Tax Act, 2023 (Act No. 12 of 2023)","url":"https://nbr.gov.bd/uploads/acts/Finance_Act_2026.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/bd/income-tax"}]},{"country":"BH","name":"Bahrain","currency":"BHD","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"CBB Key Policy Rate — one-week deposit rate","description":"The one-week deposit rate on the Central Bank of Bahrain's standing deposit facility. The CBB states explicitly on its Monetary Policy page that \"The 1-week deposit rate is the CBB Key Policy Rate\" — it is the designated policy rate, NOT the overnight deposit rate that CBB press releases headline. The CBB also runs an overnight deposit facility, a four-week deposit facility, overnight repo/secured lending and Islamic Wakalah/Commodity Murabaha equivalents. Because the Bahraini dinar is pegged to the US dollar at BHD 0.376 = USD 1 (effectively unchanged since 1980), the CBB has no independent monetary stance and moves its facility ladder in step with the US Federal Reserve.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2025-12-11","source":{"name":"Central Bank of Bahrain — Facilities & Interest Rates, Standing Facilities (BHD) table read 24 Jul 2026: One Week Deposit Rate 4.500, O/N Deposit Rate 4.250, 4-Week Deposit Rate 5.000, O/N Repo Rate 5.250; the 1-week deposit rate is designated the CBB Key Policy Rate on the CBB Monetary Policy page. Level set by the CBB decision of 10 Dec 2025 (25bps cut effective 11 Dec 2025)","url":"https://www.cbb.gov.bh/facilities-interest-rates/"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/bh/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"Value-added tax (VAT) — standard rate","description":"Standard rate of value-added tax under Decree-Law No. (48) of 2018 regarding VAT, administered by the National Bureau for Revenue (NBR). Bahrain implemented VAT under the GCC Unified Agreement for VAT and is the only GCC state to have doubled its rate from the 5% treaty baseline.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2022-01-01","source":{"name":"National Bureau for Revenue (NBR) — VAT FAQs, section 1 (General), Q1.1: 'VAT was introduced in the Kingdom of Bahrain on 1 January 2019 at a standard rate of 5% ... With effect from 1 January 2022, the standard rate of VAT has been amended to be 10%.' NBR page last updated 20 Jul 2026","url":"https://www.nbr.gov.bh/vat_faqs"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/bh/vat"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Statutory national minimum wage","description":"Statutory wage floor for workers. STRUCTURAL NULL — Bahrain has NO statutory minimum wage. Neither the Labour Law for the Private Sector (Law No. 36 of 2012) nor any subordinate instrument fixes a wage floor for private-sector, migrant or domestic workers; wages are set by the individual contract of employment.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"Law No. (36) of 2012 Promulgating the Labour Law for the Private Sector — official consolidated text published by the Legislation and Legal Opinion Commission (LLOC), Kingdom of Bahrain (Official Gazette No. 3063, 2 Aug 2012). The wages chapter (Articles 38-49) regulates the currency, timing, place and protection of wage payment and, at Article 39, prohibits wage discrimination by sex, origin, language, religion or belief — but nowhere prescribes a minimum amount","url":"https://www.lloc.gov.bh/en/Legislation/id/K3612"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/bh/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Official public holidays","description":"Bahrain's official public holidays for calendar year 2026. Under Article 64 of the Labour Law for the Private Sector (Law No. 36 of 2012), workers are entitled to full pay on the feasts and official occasions DETERMINED BY A RESOLUTION OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS on the Minister's proposal — the list is set by Cabinet decision, not fixed in the statute. Four are fixed-Gregorian (New Year, Labour Day, National Day over two days); the rest are Hijri and move roughly 11 days earlier each Gregorian year, subject to moon sighting.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Central Bank of Bahrain — Official Bank Holidays 2026: New Year's Day 1 Jan; Eid Al Fitr 1447 20-22 Mar; Labour Day 1 May; Eid Al Adha 1447 27-29 May; Al Hijra New Year 1448 16 Jun; Ashoora 1448 24-25 Jun; Prophet's Birthday 1448 25 Aug; National Day 16-17 Dec. The page carries the CBB's own caveat that 'All Islamic holidays are subject to confirmation at the time'","url":"https://www.cbb.gov.bh/official-bank-holidays/"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/bh/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"Consumer Price Index (latest month)","description":"Bahrain's official monthly Consumer Price Index, general index (all items), base April 2019 = 100, compiled and published by the Information & eGovernment Authority (iGA) and released on the Bahrain Open Data Portal under COICOP classification by division and group.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-05-01","source":{"name":"Information & eGovernment Authority — Bahrain Open Data Portal, dataset 'Consumer Price Index (CPI) - Division and Group - Index Number' (id 01-consumer-price-index-division-and-group-index-number), COICOP level 0 'Consumers Price Index - CPI', May 2026 = 102.8; dataset base stated as 'Base: April 2019 (=100)'; dataset last processed 30 Jun 2026","url":"https://www.data.gov.bh/explore/dataset/01-consumer-price-index-division-and-group-index-number/"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/bh/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"General corporate income tax rate","description":"Standard rate of corporate income tax on business profits. STRUCTURAL NULL — Bahrain levies NO general corporate income tax. The only two corporate profit taxes on the statute book are sector-specific (hydrocarbons) and scope-limited (a Pillar Two top-up on very large multinational groups); neither is a general rate applicable to companies at large.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"Bahrain Economic Development Board (the Kingdom's official investment promotion authority) — 'Bahrain's Tax-Free Business Environment': 'The government of Bahrain doesn't collect corporate taxes on businesses that do not work in the oil and gas industry'; corroborated by the National Bureau for Revenue, whose Laws & Executive Regulations index (site last updated 20 Jul 2026) covers VAT, Excise and DMTT only — there is no corporate income tax law for the NBR to administer","url":"https://www.bahrainedb.com/bahrain-pulse/advantages-0-corporate-income-taxes"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/bh/corporate-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax","description":"Personal income tax on individuals. STRUCTURAL NULL — Bahrain imposes NO personal income tax on the salaries, wages, allowances or other income of individuals, whether Bahraini nationals or expatriate residents. No personal income tax law exists and no individual income-tax return is filed.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"Bahrain Economic Development Board (official investment promotion authority) — 'Bahrain's Tax-Free Business Environment': income taxes are not charged in Bahrain and employees 'won't have to pay income taxes'; 'There are no wealth or capital gains taxes in Bahrain'. Corroborated by the National Bureau for Revenue, the Kingdom's sole tax authority, which administers only VAT, Excise and the DMTT (site last updated 20 Jul 2026) — no personal income tax is levied or collected","url":"https://www.bahrainedb.com/bahrain-pulse/advantages-0-corporate-income-taxes"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/bh/income-tax"}]},{"country":"CN","name":"China","currency":"CNY","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"PBoC 7-day reverse repo operation rate (主要政策利率)","description":"People's Bank of China 7-day reverse repurchase (逆回购) operation rate, conducted by fixed-rate, quantity-based tender in open market operations. Formally designated by the PBoC in 2024 as the central bank's primary/main policy rate, replacing the Medium-term Lending Facility (MLF) rate in that role. Adjusted at the PBoC's discretion (no fixed calendar).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-23","effective_from":"2025-05-08","source":{"name":"中国人民银行公开市场业务公告〔2025〕第1号 — 自2025年5月8日起，公开市场7天期逆回购操作利率由此前的1.50%调整为1.40% (PBoC Open Market Operations Announcement [2025] No.1: from 8 May 2025 the 7-day reverse repo operation rate is cut from 1.50% to 1.40%)","url":"https://www.pbc.gov.cn/zhengcehuobisi/125207/125213/125431/125469/5699842/index.html"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/cn/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"VAT standard rate (增值税基本税率)","description":"Standard-rate value-added tax on goods and most tangible-property leasing/imports, the highest of China's three general-taxpayer VAT brackets. Administered by the State Taxation Administration (国家税务总局); the underlying rate schedule (13% / 9% / 6%) was set in 2019 and codified by the Value-Added Tax Law of the PRC (中华人民共和国增值税法), effective 1 Jan 2026.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-23","effective_from":"2019-04-01","source":{"name":"国家税务总局 (State Taxation Administration) — Tax System overview: '...the original 16% and 10% VAT rates were adjusted to 13% and 9% respectively to form the current three-level VAT rate schedule of 13%, 9% and 6%'; codified by 《中华人民共和国增值税法》 effective 1 Jan 2026","url":"https://fgk.chinatax.gov.cn/eng/c101270/c101271/c5157953/content.html"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/cn/vat"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Minimum wage (no national rate — province-set; highest is Shanghai)","description":"STRUCTURAL: China has NO single national minimum wage. Under the Minimum Wage Regulations (最低工资规定, Ministry of Labour & Social Security Order No.21, 2004, administered by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security / MOHRSS), each province, autonomous region and municipality sets and revises its own minimum wage — commonly in multiple sub-provincial classes/tiers — on its own schedule. This series carries no national figure; the structure and the current national HIGHEST (Shanghai, monthly) are reported instead.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-23","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"上海市人力资源和社会保障局关于调整本市最低工资标准的通知 — 自2025年7月1日起，月最低工资标准由2690元调整为2740元，小时最低工资标准由24元调整为25元 (Shanghai MHRSS notice, 14 Jul 2025: from 1 Jul 2025 monthly minimum wage raised 2,690->2,740 yuan, hourly 24->25 yuan)","url":"https://rsj.sh.gov.cn/tgzfl_17732/20250714/t0035_1434097.html"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/cn/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays (国家法定节假日 + State Council annual arrangement)","description":"Statutory public holidays for the 2026 calendar year. China has 13 statutory paid holiday DAYS across seven holidays (per the State Council's Regulation on Public Holidays for National Annual Festivals and Memorial Days, as amended effective 2025). Each year the General Office of the State Council issues an arrangement notice that bundles these into longer consecutive breaks by borrowing adjacent weekends, offset by designated make-up WORKING weekend days (调休).","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-23","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"国务院办公厅关于2026年部分节假日安排的通知（国办发明电〔2025〕7号），2025年11月4日 (General Office of the State Council, Notice on the Arrangement of Public Holidays for 2026, No.7 of 2025, issued 4 Nov 2025)","url":"http://politics.people.com.cn/n1/2025/1104/c1001-40596715.html"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/cn/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"CPI inflation (year-on-year, 居民消费价格指数)","description":"Headline national Consumer Price Index, year-on-year percent change, latest published month, from the National Bureau of Statistics (国家统计局). Released monthly, usually around the 9th–10th of the following month.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-23","effective_from":"2026-06-01","source":{"name":"National Bureau of Statistics of China — 'Consumer Price Index in June 2026' (released 10 Jul 2026): CPI up 1.0% year-on-year, down 0.3% month-on-month","url":"https://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202607/t20260710_1964094.html"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/cn/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Enterprise Income Tax standard rate (企业所得税)","description":"Standard statutory Enterprise Income Tax (EIT) rate on resident-enterprise taxable profits, set by Article 4 of the Enterprise Income Tax Law of the PRC (中华人民共和国企业所得税法), effective 1 Jan 2008. Administered by the State Taxation Administration (国家税务总局).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-23","effective_from":"2008-01-01","source":{"name":"《中华人民共和国企业所得税法》第四条 — 企业所得税的税率为25% (Enterprise Income Tax Law of the PRC, Article 4: the EIT rate is 25%; effective 1 Jan 2008, integrating the former separate domestic- and foreign-enterprise regimes)","url":"https://fgk.chinatax.gov.cn/eng/c101270/c101271/c5157953/content.html"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/cn/corporate-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Individual Income Tax — comprehensive-income brackets (个人所得税)","description":"Progressive Individual Income Tax (IIT) rate schedule for RESIDENT individuals' comprehensive income (综合所得: wages/salaries, personal-service income, author's remuneration, royalties), assessed on an ANNUAL consolidated basis. Seven marginal brackets from 3% to 45% on annual taxable income, per the Individual Income Tax Law of the PRC (中华人民共和国个人所得税法, 2018 revision effective 1 Jan 2019) and its rate schedule (Table 1). Administered by the State Taxation Administration.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-23","effective_from":"2019-01-01","source":{"name":"《中华人民共和国个人所得税法》个人所得税税率表一（综合所得适用）— 全年应纳税所得额分七级：不超过36,000元 3%；36,000–144,000 10%；144,000–300,000 20%；300,000–420,000 25%；420,000–660,000 30%；660,000–960,000 35%；超过960,000 45% (IIT Law, Rate Table 1 for comprehensive income; 2018 revision effective 1 Jan 2019)","url":"https://fgk.chinatax.gov.cn/zcfgk/c100009/c5193028/content.html"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/cn/income-tax"}]},{"country":"HK","name":"Hong Kong","currency":"HKD","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"HKMA Base Rate","description":"The Base Rate set by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority — the interest rate forming the foundation on which the Discount Rates for repurchase (repo) transactions through the Discount Window are computed. Under the Linked Exchange Rate System (currency board), it is not an independent policy decision: it is fixed by a pre-set formula that tracks the US federal funds target range, and is adjusted on the HKMA's own initiative immediately after each US FOMC move.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-23","effective_from":"2025-12-11","source":{"name":"HKMA press release 'Adjustment of Base Rate', 11 December 2025 — Base Rate set at 4.00% with immediate effect according to the pre-set formula, following the US Fed's 25bp cut of 10 Dec 2025 (also mirrored on info.gov.hk P2025121100176p, 11 Dec 2025)","url":"https://www.hkma.gov.hk/eng/news-and-media/press-releases/2025/12/20251211-3/"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/hk/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"Value-added tax / GST","description":"Standard rate of any general value-added tax, goods and services tax (GST) or general sales tax. Hong Kong: STRUCTURAL NULL — Hong Kong levies no VAT, no GST and no general sales/consumption tax.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-23","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau (FSTB) — 'Prevailing Tax Policy': Hong Kong's tax regime has three direct taxes (profits tax, salaries tax, property tax) and 'There is no value-added or sales tax'","url":"https://www.fstb.gov.hk/en/treasury/general/prevailing-tax-policy.htm"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/hk/vat"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Statutory Minimum Wage (SMW)","description":"The Statutory Minimum Wage, an HOURLY floor applying to most employees under the Minimum Wage Ordinance (Cap. 608). From 2024 the SMW moved from a biennial to an ANNUAL review, with the rate set each year by a published formula recommended by the Minimum Wage Commission and given effect by resolution/notice.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-23","effective_from":"2026-05-01","source":{"name":"Labour Department — 'Statutory Minimum Wage': the SMW rate increased from $42.1 to $43.1 per hour with effect from 1 May 2026 (Minimum Wage Ordinance Cap. 608; first rate set under the new annual-review formula, recommended by the Minimum Wage Commission on 2 Feb 2026)","url":"https://www.labour.gov.hk/eng/public/content2_smw.htm"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/hk/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"General holidays","description":"General holidays for calendar year 2026 under the General Holidays Ordinance (Cap. 149), as published by the Government. NOTE: 'general holidays' (Cap. 149 — the bank/public holidays observed by banks, schools, government and the general public) are a DIFFERENT statutory category from 'statutory holidays' under the Employment Ordinance (Cap. 57) — see notes.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-23","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"GovHK 'General holidays for 2026' (General Holidays Ordinance Cap. 149; list gazetted 2025 and published by the Government)","url":"https://www.gov.hk/en/about/abouthk/holiday/2026.htm"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/hk/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"Composite CPI inflation (year-on-year)","description":"Headline Composite Consumer Price Index, year-on-year percent change, latest published month, compiled and released monthly by the Census and Statistics Department (C&SD). The Composite CPI covers roughly 90% of households; the underlying rate nets out the effect of Government one-off relief measures.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-23","effective_from":"2026-06-01","source":{"name":"Census and Statistics Department — 'Consumer Price Indices for June 2026', released 21 July 2026 (Composite CPI +2.0% YoY; underlying inflation +1.9%). C&SD Consumer Prices landing page; announcement also carried on the official news.gov.hk of 21 Jul 2026","url":"https://www.censtatd.gov.hk/en/scode270.html"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/hk/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Profits Tax rate (corporations)","description":"Profits Tax — the tax on assessable profits of businesses carrying on a trade, profession or business in Hong Kong. This series carries the standard/headline rate for CORPORATIONS. Profits Tax operates on a TWO-TIERED basis (a lower rate on the first tranche of profits, the standard rate above it) — see notes.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-23","effective_from":"2008-04-01","source":{"name":"Inland Revenue Department — 'Profits Tax': normal rate for corporations 16.5% (from year of assessment 2008/09); two-tiered rates 8.25% on assessable profits up to $2,000,000 and 16.5% above (from year of assessment 2018/19). Inland Revenue Ordinance Cap. 112","url":"https://www.ird.gov.hk/eng/tax/bus_pft.htm"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/hk/corporate-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Salaries Tax (progressive rates)","description":"Salaries Tax — the tax on income from employment, office and pension arising in or derived from Hong Kong. Tax is the LOWER of (a) progressive rates on net chargeable income (income less deductions and allowances) or (b) the standard rate on net income (income less deductions, without allowances). This series serves the PROGRESSIVE bands; the standard-rate cap is documented in notes.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-23","effective_from":"2018-04-01","source":{"name":"GovHK 'Tax Rates of Salaries Tax & Personal Assessment' / Inland Revenue Department — progressive rates 2%/6%/10%/14%/17% on successive $50,000 bands of net chargeable income (unchanged since year of assessment 2018/19); two-tiered standard rate 15%/16% from year of assessment 2024/25. Inland Revenue Ordinance Cap. 112","url":"https://www.gov.hk/en/residents/taxes/taxfiling/taxrates/salariesrates.htm"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/hk/income-tax"}]},{"country":"ID","name":"Indonesia","currency":"IDR","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"Policy Rate (BI-Rate)","description":"Bank Indonesia's benchmark monetary policy rate, set by the Board of Governors Meeting (Rapat Dewan Gubernur, RDG). Renamed from 'BI 7-Day Reverse Repo Rate (BI7DRR)' to 'BI-Rate' in December 2023; the underlying instrument (7-day reverse repo) is unchanged.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-06-18","source":{"name":"Bank Indonesia, BI-Rate statistical indicator table and Board of Governors Meeting (Rapat Dewan Gubernur) decision of 17-18 June 2026","url":"https://www.bi.go.id/en/statistik/indikator/bi-rate.aspx"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/id/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"Value Added Tax (Pajak Pertambahan Nilai, PPN)","description":"Indonesia's value added tax. The STATUTORY rate is 12%, but a Ministry of Finance regulation reduces the taxable base for all non-luxury supplies so that the effective burden remains 11%.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2025-01-01","source":{"name":"Undang-Undang No. 7 Tahun 2021 tentang Harmonisasi Peraturan Perpajakan (UU HPP), Pasal 7(1)(b), amending UU No. 8 Tahun 1983 tentang PPN; implemented by Peraturan Menteri Keuangan (PMK) No. 131 Tahun 2024, with the nilai-lain/besaran-tertentu rules consolidated by PMK No. 11 Tahun 2025","url":"https://jdih.kemenkeu.go.id/api/download/ad276b82-94bd-4197-b409-af33e2842cd6/2024pmkeuangan131.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/id/vat"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Minimum Wage (Upah Minimum)","description":"Indonesia has NO single national minimum wage. Each province sets a provincial minimum (UMP) by governor's decree, with optional higher district/city minimums (UMK) and sectoral minimums (UMSP/UMSK). The value served is the LOWEST provincial UMP in force.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Keputusan Gubernur Jawa Barat No. 561/Kep.859-Kesra/2025 tentang Upah Minimum Provinsi Jawa Barat Tahun 2026 (announced/signed 24 December 2025), issued under Peraturan Pemerintah No. 49 Tahun 2025 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas PP No. 36 Tahun 2021 tentang Pengupahan","url":"https://jdih.kemnaker.go.id/asset/data_puu/2025pp0049.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/id/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public Holidays (Hari Libur Nasional)","description":"Statutory national public holidays for calendar year 2026, fixed annually by a Joint Decree (Surat Keputusan Bersama, SKB) of three ministers.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Surat Keputusan Bersama (SKB) 3 Menteri — Menteri Agama No. 1497 Tahun 2025, Menteri Ketenagakerjaan No. 2 Tahun 2025, Menteri PANRB No. 5 Tahun 2025, tentang Hari Libur Nasional dan Cuti Bersama Tahun 2026","url":"https://www.kemenkopmk.go.id/sites/default/files/pengumuman/2025-09/SKB%20Libur%20Nasional%20dan%20Cuti%20Bersama%20Tahun%202026.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/id/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"Consumer Price Index Inflation (Inflasi IHK)","description":"Headline year-on-year consumer price inflation measured by the Indeks Harga Konsumen (IHK), published monthly by Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS-Statistics Indonesia).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-06-01","source":{"name":"BPS-Statistics Indonesia, Berita Resmi Statistik No. 2590, 'Inflasi year-on-year (y-on-y) pada Juni 2026 sebesar 3,34 persen', released 1 July 2026","url":"https://www.bps.go.id/en/pressrelease/2026/07/01/2590/inflasi-year-on-year--y-on-y--pada-juni-2026-sebesar-3-34-persen-.html"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/id/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate Income Tax (Pajak Penghasilan Badan)","description":"Standard headline corporate income tax rate on the taxable profits of resident corporate taxpayers and permanent establishments.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2022-01-01","source":{"name":"Undang-Undang No. 7 Tahun 2021 tentang Harmonisasi Peraturan Perpajakan (UU HPP), amending Pasal 17 ayat (1) huruf b Undang-Undang No. 7 Tahun 1983 tentang Pajak Penghasilan","url":"https://www.pajak.go.id/sites/default/files/2021-12/Salinan%20UU%20Nomor%207%20Tahun%202021.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/id/corporate-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal Income Tax (Pajak Penghasilan Orang Pribadi, PPh OP)","description":"Progressive annual income tax brackets applicable to resident individual taxpayers, applied to annual taxable income (Penghasilan Kena Pajak) after deduction of the personal allowance (PTKP).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2022-01-01","source":{"name":"Undang-Undang No. 7 Tahun 2021 tentang Harmonisasi Peraturan Perpajakan (UU HPP), amending Pasal 17 ayat (1) huruf a Undang-Undang No. 7 Tahun 1983 tentang Pajak Penghasilan","url":"https://www.pajak.go.id/sites/default/files/2021-12/Salinan%20UU%20Nomor%207%20Tahun%202021.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/id/income-tax"}]},{"country":"IL","name":"Israel","currency":"ILS","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"Bank of Israel interest rate","description":"The Bank of Israel interest rate (ריבית בנק ישראל) — the central bank's headline policy rate, decided by the Monetary Committee (הוועדה המוניטרית) established under the Bank of Israel Law, 5770-2010, at eight scheduled decisions a year published at 16:00 on the announcement date. A new rate does not apply on the announcement day: it takes effect at the start of the next reserve-maintenance period, which for a Monday announcement is the following Thursday.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-07-09","source":{"name":"Bank of Israel press release, 'The Monetary Committee decides on July 6, 2026 to lower the interest rate to 3.5 percent.' (06/07/2026); effective date 09/07/2026 per the BoI 'Interest rate announcement dates 2026' table (Maintenance period Start Date column)","url":"https://www.boi.org.il/en/communication-and-publications/press-releases/the-monetary-committee-decides-on-july-6-2026-to-lower-the-interest-rate-to-35-percent/"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/il/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"VAT standard rate (מס ערך מוסף)","description":"Standard rate of Israeli value added tax on a transaction in Israel and on the importation of goods. Under the Value Added Tax Law, 5736-1975, the rate is not fixed in the primary statute: it is 'a single proportion of the price of the transaction or of the goods, as prescribed by the Minister of Finance by order after consultation with the Knesset Finance Committee', so it changes by Ministerial Order (צו מס ערך מוסף (שיעור המס על עסקה ועל יבוא טובין)) ratified by the Finance Committee and approved in the Knesset plenum.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2025-01-01","source":{"name":"Israel Tax Authority, 'היסטורית שיעורי מס ערך מוסף' (VAT rate history database page, updated 26.12.2024): '1.1.25 עלה המע\"מ ל-18%'. Instrument: Value Added Tax Order (Tax Rate for Transaction and Import of Goods) (Amendment), 2024, approved by the Knesset Plenum on 12 March 2024 (47 in favour, 29 against) after ratification by the Finance Committee","url":"https://www.gov.il/he/pages/vat-history"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/il/vat"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"National minimum wage","description":"Israel's single national statutory minimum wage under the Minimum Wage Law, 5747-1987 (חוק שכר מינימום, התשמ\"ז-1987). There are no regional or occupational tiers in the national floor; the law fixes a monthly amount for monthly-paid employees, with derived hourly and daily equivalents, and it is uprated with effect from 1 April, signed off by the Minister of Labour, with the operative amounts published by the National Insurance Institute (המוסד לביטוח לאומי).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-04-01","source":{"name":"National Insurance Institute of Israel — 'שכר מינימום – נתונים כלליים' / 'Minimum Wage – General Information': שכר חודשי 6,443.85 ש\"ח (החל ב-01.04.2026); שכר לשעה בהיקף 182 שעות 35.4 ש\"ח; בהיקף 186 שעות 34.64 ש\"ח; שכר יומי 297.4 ש\"ח (5 ימים) / 257.75 ש\"ח (6 ימים)","url":"https://www.btl.gov.il/Mediniyut/GeneralData/Pages/%D7%A9%D7%9B%D7%A8%20%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9D.aspx"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/il/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Israel's official days of rest for calendar year 2026. The nine statutory rest days are the Jewish festivals listed in section 18A of the Law and Administration Ordinance, 5708-1948 (two days of Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, the first and eighth days of Sukkot, the first and seventh days of Passover, Shavuot) plus Independence Day under the Independence Day Law, 5709-1949. Every one of these is fixed by the HEBREW lunisolar calendar, so the Gregorian dates move by roughly two to three weeks from year to year and this list must be regenerated annually.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Bank of Israel, Payment and Settlement Systems Department — 'מערכת זה\"ב (ZAHAV RTGS) – ימי פעילות לשנת 2026', the official Gregorian dating of each 2026 Israeli holiday and holiday eve for the national payment system; cross-checked against the Civil Service Commission circular 26/2025 'ימי מועד, ימי בחירה וימי עבודה מקוצרים לשנת 2026' (published 11.11.2025, updated 08.06.2026), which is the government's own statement of which 2026 dates are days off","url":"https://www.boi.org.il/media/snlbnev0/zahav-holidays-2026-heb.xlsx"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/il/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"CPI inflation (year-on-year)","description":"Headline consumer price inflation, year-on-year percent, latest published month. Produced by the Central Bureau of Statistics (הלשכה המרכזית לסטטיסטיקה), which publishes the CPI on the 15th of each month at 18:30 for the preceding month. Index base 2024 = 100.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-06-01","source":{"name":"Bank of Israel Data Portal (SDMX), dataflow BOI.STATISTICS:PRI(1.0), series CP_PCHYTY 'מדד המחירים לצרכן – כללי, שינוי ב-12 החודשים האחרונים', observation 2026-06 = 1.6488845781; the series metadata records DATA_SOURCE = CBS (Central Bureau of Statistics), i.e. the BoI republishes the CBS series","url":"https://edge.boi.gov.il/FusionEdgeServer/sdmx/v2/data/dataflow/BOI.STATISTICS/PRI/1.0/CP_PCHYTY?startPeriod=2026-01&format=csv"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/il/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax rate","description":"The standard rate of Israeli corporate income tax (מס חברות) on the taxable income of a body of persons, fixed in section 126(a) of the Income Tax Ordinance [New Version], 5721-1961. It is a flat, non-progressive rate with no small-company band.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2018-01-01","source":{"name":"Income Tax Ordinance [New Version], 5721-1961, section 126(a) — 'מס חברות ... 23%' — consolidated text published by the Israel Tax Authority on gov.il; the section carries Amendment No. 234 of 5776/2016 (the Economic Efficiency Law (Legislative Amendments for Achieving the Budget Targets for Budget Years 2017 and 2018)), which is the instrument that set the current rate","url":"https://www.gov.il/he/pages/law_pkudat_mas_hachnasa"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/il/corporate-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax brackets","description":"Statutory marginal income tax rates for resident individuals on income from personal exertion (הכנסה מיגיעה אישית — employment, business and profession), under section 121 of the Income Tax Ordinance [New Version], 5721-1961. Amounts are annual New Israeli Shekels for tax year 2026; the Israel Tax Authority publishes the equivalent monthly and daily tables in its annual deductions booklet.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Israel Tax Authority, 'לוח עזר לחישוב מס הכנסה ממשכורת ושכר עבודה לחודש ינואר 2026 ואילך', reissued and updated April 2026, chapter ב 'שיעורי מס הכנסה' — the annual table 'לאחר חוק ריווח מדרגות מס הכנסה'. Legal basis: section 121 of the Income Tax Ordinance as amended on 31.3.2026 by the Economic Efficiency Law (Legislative Amendments for Achieving the Budget Targets for Budget Year 2026), 5786-2026, chapter ג (ריווח מדרגות מס הכנסה), applying retroactively from 1 January 2026","url":"https://www.gov.il/BlobFolder/generalpage/income-tax-monthly-deductions-booklet/he/generalInformation_income-tax-monthly-deductions-booklet_monthly-deductions-booklet-2026.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/il/income-tax"}]},{"country":"IN","name":"India","currency":"INR","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"RBI policy repo rate","description":"Policy repo rate under the Liquidity Adjustment Facility, set by the Reserve Bank of India's Monetary Policy Committee (six scheduled bi-monthly meetings per year).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2025-12-05","source":{"name":"Reserve Bank of India, Monetary Policy Statement 2025-26 — Resolution of the Monetary Policy Committee (58th meeting, December 3-5, 2025), press release of 5 December 2025","url":"https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx?prid=61749"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/in/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"GST standard rate","description":"Goods and Services Tax standard rate. India's GST was rationalised in September 2025 ('GST 2.0') into a two-rate structure — Standard 18%, Merit 5% — plus a 40% de-merit rate; 18% is the official Standard Rate served here.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2025-09-22","source":{"name":"Recommendations of the 56th Meeting of the GST Council, PIB press release, 3 September 2025 (official PDF hosted by the GST Council Secretariat); implemented by Notification No. 9/2025-Central Tax (Rate) dated 17 September 2025, w.e.f. 22 September 2025","url":"https://gstcouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/2025-09/press_release_press_information_bureau_0.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/in/vat"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Minimum wage","description":"National statutory minimum wage. India has no single national minimum wage; wages are set as a matrix of central-sphere and state rates per employment, skill level and area. Served as a structural null with the mechanism documented.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2025-11-21","source":{"name":"Code on Wages, 2019 (Act No. 29 of 2019), brought into force w.e.f. 21 November 2025 by four Gazette of India notifications of 21-11-2025; cited via EY India alert 'New labour codes implemented across the country effective 21 November 2025' (triangulated fallback — labour.gov.in, PIB and India Code were unreachable from our fetch environment)","url":"https://www.ey.com/content/dam/ey-unified-site/ey-com/en-in/alerts-hub/2025/11/new-labour-codes-implemented-across-the-country-effective-21-november-2025.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/in/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Gazetted (closed) holidays observed in Central Government offices for calendar 2026 per the DoPT annual holiday Office Memorandum — the canonical national list; states and private-sector holidays vary.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Department of Personnel & Training (DoPT) O.M. F.No.12/2/2023-JCA dated 03 July 2025 — holidays to be observed in Central Government offices during the year 2026; official scanned reproduction (CGEWCC) hosted on dfe.gov.in, cross-checked against the DoPT Delhi/New Delhi list","url":"https://dfe.gov.in/uploads/documents/list-of-gazetted-holidays-2026.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/in/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"CPI inflation (year-on-year)","description":"All-India Consumer Price Index (Combined, rural+urban) year-on-year inflation, base 2024=100, published monthly by the National Statistics Office, MoSPI.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-06-01","source":{"name":"MoSPI/NSO, 'Press Release of Consumer Price Index on Base 2024=100 for June, 2026', released 13 July 2026 (provisional)","url":"https://www.mospi.gov.in/uploads/latestReleases/latest_release_1783937698596_1013f1a1-3400-41aa-b4f4-5bbff10db7b7_Press_Release_of_CPI_for_June_2026.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/in/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax rate","description":"Headline corporate income tax rate for domestic companies — the 22% concessional flat regime (s.115BAA of the Income-tax Act, 1961; re-enacted as s.200 of the Income-tax Act, 2025) that most companies have elected; effective 25.17% with surcharge and cess.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2019-09-20","source":{"name":"Income Tax Department e-filing portal, 'Domestic Company for AY 2026-27' (rates under the Income-tax Act; s.115BAA regime introduced by the Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 2019 w.e.f. 20-09-2019, re-enacted as s.200 of the Income-tax Act, 2025; continued unchanged by Finance Act, 2026)","url":"https://www.incometax.gov.in/iec/foportal/help/company/return-applicable"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/in/corporate-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax bands","description":"Resident individual income tax slabs under the default new regime (s.115BAC of the 1961 Act; s.202 of the Income-tax Act, 2025), annual taxable income in INR. Old regime remains optional.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2025-04-01","source":{"name":"Income Tax Department e-filing portal, individual tax-rates help page for AY 2026-27 (new regime slabs enacted by Finance Act, 2025; carried into the Income-tax Act, 2025 (s.202) and continued unchanged by Finance Act, 2026 for tax year 2026-27)","url":"https://www.incometax.gov.in/iec/foportal/help/individual/return-applicable-1"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/in/income-tax"}]},{"country":"IQ","name":"Iraq","currency":"IQD","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"CBI Policy Rate (سعر السياسة النقدية)","description":"The Central Bank of Iraq's policy interest rate — the annual rate applied between the CBI and banks registered with it, and the anchor of the CBI's standing-facility corridor. Set by the CBI Board under the CBI Law No. 56 of 2004. Under the framework published on the CBI's monetary policy page, primary credit to banks is priced at the policy rate + 2%, secondary credit at policy rate + 3%, and the lender-of-last-resort facility at policy rate + 3.5%. The CBI does not hold a fixed, pre-announced meeting calendar and does not publish dated numbered rate decisions in the way Gulf central banks do; changes are announced by the Board when made.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2024-10-24","source":{"name":"Central Bank of Iraq — Monetary Policy page (السياسة النقدية): 'سعر الفائدة المحدد من قبل البنك المركزي العراقي الذي يبلغ حاليًا 5.5%' ('the interest rate set by the Central Bank of Iraq, currently 5.5%'); level established by the CBI Board decision of 24 October 2024 cutting the policy rate from 7.5% to 5.5%","url":"https://cbi.iq/page/26"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/iq/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"Value-added tax (VAT)","description":"Standard VAT rate. STRUCTURAL NULL — Iraq has NO value-added tax. It levies a narrow, itemised SALES TAX on selected services and goods instead, plus customs duties and excises. There is no broad-based consumption tax, no input-tax credit mechanism, no VAT registration threshold and no VAT law.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"Federal Budget Law No. (13) of 2023, Article 20(First) — the operative sales-tax provision, extending 'the sales tax provisions stipulated in the dissolved Revolutionary Command Council Resolution No. (36) of 1997' to restaurants and hotels up to second class in addition to excellent- and first-class establishments; published in al-Waqai al-Iraqiya (the Iraqi Gazette) No. 4726 of 26 June 2023. Iraq's statute book contains this itemised sales tax and no VAT law.","url":"https://moj.gov.iq/upload/pdf/4726_72.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/iq/vat"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"National minimum wage (الحد الأدنى للأجور)","description":"Iraq's statutory minimum monthly wage for workers, fixed by the Council of Ministers on the recommendation of the tripartite committee formed in the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, under Article 63(Second) of Labour Law No. 37 of 2015. It applies to workers covered by the Labour Law — i.e. the private sector and workers under contract — and is a floor, not a pay scale.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2018-01-01","source":{"name":"Council of Ministers decision of 18 December 2017, taken under Article 63(Second) of Labour Law No. 37 of 2015 — minimum worker's wage set at IQD 350,000 per month in place of IQD 250,000 (which had been fixed by Council of Ministers Resolution No. 178 of 2013), effective 1 January 2018 (Alsumaria TV, reporting the Council of Ministers communiqué); enabling statute: Labour Law No. 37 of 2015, ILO NATLEX record","url":"https://natlex.ilo.org/dyn/natlex2/r/natlex/fe/details?p3_isn=96652"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/iq/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Federal Iraq's official public holidays for calendar year 2026. The governing statute is the Official Holidays Law No. (12) of 2024, which repealed the Ba'ath-era Official Holidays Law No. 110 of 1972 together with RCC Resolutions 886 of 1979 and 210 of 1989, Governing Council Resolution No. 1 of 2003 and CPA Order No. 25 of 2005. Article 1(First) lists the general public holidays; Article 1(Second) provides that the first day of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha is fixed by a statement issued jointly by the Shia and Sunni Waqf Diwans and sent to the Prime Minister's Office, and that where the two Diwans differ the holiday runs from the first day set by one to the last day set by the other. Article 3(First) lets the Council of Ministers declare temporary holidays of up to 7 days a year. The weekend is Friday and Saturday.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Official Holidays Law No. (12) of 2024, Article 1, published in al-Waqai al-Iraqiya (the Iraqi Gazette) No. 4777 of 27 May 2024 (19 Dhu al-Qi'dah 1445), signed by President Abdul Latif Jamal Rashid — the statutory list; 2026 Gregorian dates cross-checked against the Central Bank of Iraq's published 'العطل الرسمية لعام 2026' calendar (https://cbi.iq/page/78) and against Council of Ministers holiday decisions reported by the Iraqi News Agency (INA)","url":"https://www.moj.gov.iq/upload/pdf/4777_453.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/iq/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"Consumer Price Index (latest month)","description":"Official monthly Consumer Price Index for the whole of Iraq, base year 2022 = 100, compiled and published by the Central Statistical Organization (هيأة الإحصاء ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية) of the Ministry of Planning. Weights derive from the 2022 household expenditure structure, with expenditure weights modelled from the 2012 social and economic survey and the 2017/2018 SWIFT survey; from January 2024 the agency moved to a chained index with a moving base (the preceding month as base) under IMF/METAC technical supervision, with the chain linked back to 2022 weights. The basket covers 803 items in 486 varieties across the 12 COICOP divisions.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-05-01","source":{"name":"Central Statistical Organization, Ministry of Planning — 'تقرير الارقام القياسية لأسعار المستهلك CPI لشهر أيار لسنة 2026' (Consumer Price Index report for May 2026): general index 111.2 against 112.5 in April 2026 (-1.2% m/m) and 108.0 in May 2025 (+3.0% y/y); core index 110.8 against 110.4 (+0.4% m/m, +2.5% y/y)","url":"https://cosit.gov.iq/documents/indices/CPI/CPI/2026/%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%AE%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%202026.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/iq/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax rate","description":"Standard corporate income tax rate on the net taxable income of companies, administered by the General Commission of Taxes (الهيئة العامة للضرائب) under Income Tax Law No. 113 of 1982 as amended. A single flat rate applies to limited liability companies, private joint-stock companies, mixed joint-stock companies, and foreign companies registered in Iraq or otherwise having a permanent establishment there. Iraq taxes Iraq-source income.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2004-04-01","source":{"name":"CPA Order No. 49 (Tax Strategy of 2004), Section 3, amending Article 13(1) of Income Tax Law No. 113 of 1982 — '(C) Income of limited liability companies, at a fixed rate of 15%. (D) Income of private joint-stock companies, at a fixed rate of 15%. (E) Income of mixed joint-stock companies, at a fixed rate of 15%'; Section 3(3): 'Foreign companies that are registered in Iraq or otherwise have a permanent establishment in Iraq will be subject to tax at a fixed rate of 15% on their income in Iraq'","url":"https://govinfo.library.unt.edu/cpa-iraq/regulations/20040220_CPAORD_49_Tax_Strategy_of_2004_with_Annex_and_Ex_Note.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/iq/corporate-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax (progressive bands)","description":"Progressive individual income tax under Article 13 of Income Tax Law No. 113 of 1982 as amended, administered by the General Commission of Taxes. Bands apply to a resident individual's annual income AFTER the personal allowances of Article 12. Employment income is collected by employer withholding (الاستقطاع المباشر) and remitted monthly. Non-resident individuals are taxed on the same scale on their Iraq-source income.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2004-04-01","source":{"name":"CPA Order No. 49 (Tax Strategy of 2004), Section 3, amending Article 13(1)(A) of Income Tax Law No. 113 of 1982 — '3% on amounts up to ID 250,000; 5% on amounts over ID 250,000 and up to ID 500,000; 10% on amounts over ID 500,000 and up to ID 1,000,000; 15% on amounts over ID 1,000,000'; and Section 2, amending Article 12(1) — allowances of ID 2,500,000 for the taxpayer, ID 2,000,000 for a non-earning wife, ID 200,000 per child, ID 3,200,000 for a widow or divorcee, and (Article 12(5)) ID 300,000 additional where the taxpayer is over 63","url":"https://govinfo.library.unt.edu/cpa-iraq/regulations/20040220_CPAORD_49_Tax_Strategy_of_2004_with_Annex_and_Ex_Note.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/iq/income-tax"}]},{"country":"JO","name":"Jordan","currency":"JOD","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"CBJ Main Policy Rate (سعر الفائدة الرئيسي للبنك المركزي)","description":"The Main Policy Rate is the Central Bank of Jordan's own designated key rate — the rate it publishes at the head of its 'Interest Rates on Monetary Policy Instruments' table and the rate its press releases call the 'Key Interest Rate of the Central Bank'. It is set by the CBJ's Open Market Operations Committee, which meets roughly eight times a year and normally makes decisions effective the following Sunday. The main rate sits inside a corridor: the Overnight Deposit Window Rate is the floor, the Overnight Repurchase (Repo) Rate and the Rediscount (Discount) Rate sit above it. Because the Jordanian dinar is pegged to the US dollar, the CBJ tracks the US Federal Reserve rather than running an independent stance.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2025-12-14","source":{"name":"Central Bank of Jordan, Press Release of 11 December 2025 — the Open Market Operations Committee, at its eighth and final meeting of 2025, decided to reduce the 'Key Interest Rate' and the interest rate on all monetary policy instruments by 25 basis points as of Sunday, 14 December 2025; level of 5.75% carried on the CBJ 'Interest Rates' page (last updated 14/12/2025)","url":"https://www.cbj.gov.jo/ebv4.0/root_storage/en/eb_list_page/press_release_11-12-2025.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/jo/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"General Sales Tax (GST) — standard rate","description":"Jordan does NOT levy a tax called VAT. Its VAT-equivalent is the General Sales Tax (الضريبة العامة على المبيعات), a credit-invoice consumption tax imposed by the General Sales Tax Law No. 6 of 1994 and its amendments and administered by the Income and Sales Tax Department (ISTD) of the Ministry of Finance. Article 6(a) charges the general tax at 16% on the supply or importation of goods and services by reference to the value of the supply or import; Article 6(b) separately charges a Special Tax (excise) at specific or ad valorem rates on the goods and services listed in Table (1). The 'vat' series id is used per the file spec — the correct instrument name is General Sales Tax.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2010-01-01","source":{"name":"Income and Sales Tax Department (ISTD), 'The General Sales Tax Law No. (6) of 1994 and its Amendments' (consolidated English text, 2023 edition), Article 6(a): 'A general tax shall be charged under this Law at the rate of 16 per cent on the supply or importation of goods or services, by reference to the value of the supply or import of these goods and services.'","url":"https://www.istd.gov.jo/ebv4.0/root_storage/en/eb_list_page/general_sales_tax_law_and_its_amendments_2023-1.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/jo/vat"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"National minimum wage (الحد الأدنى للأجور)","description":"Jordan's national monthly minimum wage, fixed by decision of the Tripartite Committee for Labour Affairs (اللجنة الثلاثية لشؤون العمل) chaired by the Minister of Labour and comprising the Government, the employers' side (Jordan Chamber of Industry, Jordan Chamber of Commerce, Jordanian Farmers Union) and the workers' side (General Federation of Jordanian Trade Unions), under the Labour Law No. 8 of 1996 and its amendments. The decision is published in the Official Gazette and enforced by both the Ministry of Labour and the Social Security Corporation, which treats it as the floor of the insurable wage.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2025-01-01","source":{"name":"Social Security Corporation (المؤسسة العامة للضمان الاجتماعي) press statement of 22 December 2024, 'الضمان: تطبيق قرار الحد الأدنى للأجور (290) ديناراً بداية العام المقبل 2025' — confirming the Tripartite Committee for Labour Affairs decision raising the minimum wage for the years 2025, 2026 and 2027 to JOD 290 from JOD 260, applying to all workers covered by Labour Law No. 8 of 1996 and its amendments with effect from 1/1/2025","url":"https://www.ssc.gov.jo/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82-%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%89-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1-290/"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/jo/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays 2026","description":"Jordan's official public holidays for calendar year 2026. Jordan has no single annual holiday decree: the Prime Minister issues a separate official circular (بلاغ رسمي) ahead of each occasion suspending work in all ministries, official departments, public institutions and bodies, official universities, municipalities, joint services councils, the Greater Amman Municipality and wholly government-owned companies, with an exemption for entities whose nature of work requires them to keep operating. The Islamic holidays move with the Hijri calendar and depend on official moon sighting; the national and Christian holidays are fixed. The Jordanian weekend is Friday and Saturday.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Prime Ministerial official circulars issued by Prime Minister Dr Jafar Hassan and carried by Petra, the Jordan News Agency (official state agency): Eid al-Fitr 20-23 Mar 2026 (circular of 11 Mar 2026); Labour Day observed Thu 30 Apr 2026 (Circular No. 6 of 15 Apr 2026); Independence Day 25 May and Eid al-Adha 26-30 May 2026 (circulars of 27 Apr 2026); Hijri New Year Tue 16 Jun 2026 (circular of 7 Jun 2026); Christmas and New Year circular of Dec 2025 suspending work on Thu 25 Dec 2025 and Thu 1 Jan 2026","url":"https://petra.gov.jo/en/news/official-holidays-announced-for-eid-al-adha-independence-day"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/jo/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"Consumer Price Index (latest month)","description":"Official monthly Consumer Price Index for Jordan, base year 2018=100, compiled and published by the Department of Statistics (DoS, دائرة الإحصاءات العامة) from a basket of 850 items (325 food, 525 non-food) priced at 3,400 establishments across the Kingdom. The monthly press release is issued in the second half of the following month and reports the index level, the year-on-year rate for the month, and the cumulative (year-to-date) inflation rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-06-01","source":{"name":"Department of Statistics, monthly Consumer Price Index report for June 2026, 'Department of Statistics: Inflation Rate for the First Half of 2026 Reached 2.03%', PRESS/June 2026 dated 23 July 2026 — Table 2 'Monthly CPIs for the Years 2024-2026 (2018=100)' gives June 2026 = 116.13","url":"https://dosweb.dos.gov.jo/DataBank/News/Inflation/2026/CPI_Jul_en.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/jo/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax rate (legal persons) — general rate","description":"Jordan's corporate income tax is SECTOR-DIFFERENTIATED. Article 11(B) of the Income Tax Law No. 34 of 2014 as amended by Law No. 38 of 2018 sets three statutory rates for legal persons: 20% as the general rate, 24% for a listed group of regulated and extractive sectors, and 35% for banks. A separate National Contribution (the 'National Solidarity Account' levy) under Article 11(F) is charged on top at 1% to 7% depending on sector. Administered by the Income and Sales Tax Department (ISTD) of the Ministry of Finance.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2019-01-01","source":{"name":"Income and Sales Tax Department, official English text of 'Law No. (34) of 2014 Amended by Law No. (38) of 2018 — Income Tax Law', Article 11(B)(1): '(20%) Twenty percent for all legal persons except those provided for under items (2) and (3) of this Paragraph'; Article 1 commences the amendments as of 1 January 2019","url":"https://www.istd.gov.jo/ebv4.0/root_storage/en/eb_list_page/income_tax_law_no_34_of_2014_amended_by_law_no_38_of_2018.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/jo/corporate-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax brackets (natural persons)","description":"Progressive personal income tax on the taxable income of a natural person under Article 11(A) of the Income Tax Law No. 34 of 2014 as amended by Law No. 38 of 2018, administered by the Income and Sales Tax Department. Six marginal bands run from 5% to 30%. The bands bite on TAXABLE income — gross income less allowable expenses, carried-forward losses, personal exemptions and donations — not on gross salary. An additional National Contribution Tax of 1% applies to a natural person's taxable income above JOD 200,000.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2019-01-01","source":{"name":"Income and Sales Tax Department, official English text of 'Law No. (34) of 2014 Amended by Law No. (38) of 2018 — Income Tax Law', Article 11(A): 5% on each dinar of the first five thousand dinars; 10% on the second five thousand; 15% on the third five thousand; 20% on the fourth five thousand; 25% on each dinar that follows up to one million dinars; 30% on each dinar of taxable income exceeding one million dinars. Article 1 commences the amendments as of 1 January 2019","url":"https://www.istd.gov.jo/ebv4.0/root_storage/en/eb_list_page/income_tax_law_no_34_of_2014_amended_by_law_no_38_of_2018.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/jo/income-tax"}]},{"country":"JP","name":"Japan","currency":"JPY","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"Bank of Japan policy rate (uncollateralized overnight call rate target)","description":"Target level for the uncollateralized overnight call rate set by the Bank of Japan Policy Board in its Guideline for Money Market Operations; Japan's operative policy rate since the March 2024 exit from yield-curve control and negative rates.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-06-17","source":{"name":"Bank of Japan, 'Change in the Guideline for Money Market Operations', Monetary Policy Meeting decision of 16 June 2026 (Policy Board vote 7-1)","url":"https://www.boj.or.jp/en/mopo/mpmdeci/mpr_2026/k260616a.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/jp/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"Consumption tax (standard rate)","description":"Japan's credit-invoice VAT ('shohizei'), levied as a national consumption tax plus a local consumption tax; single standard rate with one reduced rate for food and newspapers.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2019-10-01","source":{"name":"National Tax Agency, Tax Answer No. 6303 'Shohizeiritsu-to' (consumption tax rates), law status as of 1 April 2025; rate structure enacted by Act No. 68 of 2012 (social security and tax comprehensive reform) as amended by the November 2016 timing-change act","url":"https://www.nta.go.jp/taxes/shiraberu/taxanswer/shohi/6303.htm"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/jp/vat"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Minimum wage (lowest prefectural regional minimum wage)","description":"Japan has no single national minimum wage: 47 prefectural 'regional minimum wages' are set annually under the Minimum Wage Act. This series serves the lowest prefectural hourly floor in force nationwide; the full matrix is described in notes.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-03-31","source":{"name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 'Reiwa 7-nendo chiikibetsu saitei chingin zenkoku ichiran' (FY2025 regional minimum wages, national list), under the Minimum Wage Act (Act No. 137 of 1959)","url":"https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/11200000/001571192.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/jp/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"National holidays of Japan for calendar 2026 under the Act on National Holidays, including substitute and bridge holidays generated by the Act's Article 3 rules.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Cabinet Office, 'Kokumin no shukujitsu ni tsuite' (national holidays overview and 2026 dates), under the Act on National Holidays (Act No. 178 of 1948, as amended)","url":"https://www8.cao.go.jp/chosei/shukujitsu/gaiyou.html"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/jp/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"Consumer price inflation (CPI, all items, year-on-year)","description":"Headline all-items CPI for Japan (nationwide, 2020=100), year-on-year percent change, from the Statistics Bureau of Japan (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications); core measures noted.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-05-01","source":{"name":"Statistics Bureau of Japan (MIC), 2020-base Consumer Price Index, Japan, May 2026 monthly report (released 19 June 2026)","url":"https://www.stat.go.jp/data/cpi/sokuhou/tsuki/index-z.html"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/jp/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax (national corporation tax, standard rate)","description":"Standard national corporation tax rate under Corporation Tax Act Article 66; local corporate taxes and the new defense surtax that build the ~29.7 percent combined effective rate are decomposed in notes.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2018-04-01","source":{"name":"National Tax Agency, Tax Answer No. 5759 'Hojinzei no zeiritsu' (corporation tax rates), Corporation Tax Act Art. 66, law status as of 1 April 2025","url":"https://www.nta.go.jp/taxes/shiraberu/taxanswer/hojin/5759.htm"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/jp/corporate-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax (national, progressive bands)","description":"National income tax brackets on annual taxable income under Income Tax Act Article 89; the 2.1 percent reconstruction surtax and ~10 percent local inhabitant tax are noted separately, not blended.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2015-01-01","source":{"name":"National Tax Agency, Tax Answer No. 2260 'Shotokuzei no zeiritsu' (income tax rates), Income Tax Act Art. 89, law status as of 1 April 2025","url":"https://www.nta.go.jp/taxes/shiraberu/taxanswer/shotoku/2260.htm"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/jp/income-tax"}]},{"country":"KR","name":"South Korea","currency":"KRW","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"Bank of Korea Base Rate","description":"The Base Rate (기준금리) set by the Bank of Korea's Monetary Policy Board, the reference rate for BOK transactions with financial institutions and the economy-wide policy anchor.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-07-16","source":{"name":"Bank of Korea Monetary Policy Board, Monetary Policy Decision of 16 July 2026 (Base Rate raised 25bp from 2.50% to 2.75%), under the Bank of Korea Act (한국은행법)","url":"https://www.bok.or.kr/eng/bbs/E0000634/view.do?nttId=11062944&searchCnd=1&searchKwd=&depth2=400417&depth3=400423&depth=400423&pageUnit=10&pageIndex=1&programType=newsDataEng&menuNo=400423&oldMenuNo=400423"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/kr/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"Value-Added Tax (부가가치세) standard rate","description":"Standard VAT rate under Article 30 of the Value-Added Tax Act, applied to supplies of goods and services and to imports.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"1977-07-01","source":{"name":"부가가치세법 (Value-Added Tax Act) Article 30 — statutory rate 10%; current consolidation as last amended by Act No. 21218 (promulgated 2025-12-23, in force 2026-01-01, no rate change); rate confirmed on National Tax Service page '부가가치세 세율' (모든 업종 10%)","url":"https://www.nts.go.kr/nts/cm/cntnts/cntntsView.do?mi=2275&cntntsId=7696"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/kr/vat"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"National minimum wage (최저임금)","description":"Single national statutory minimum hourly wage under the Minimum Wage Act, set annually by the Minimum Wage Commission and gazetted by the Minister of Employment and Labor by 5 August for the following calendar year.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"고용노동부 고시 제2025-47호 「2026년 적용 최저임금 고시」 (Ministry of Employment and Labor Notice No. 2025-47, promulgated 2025-08-05) under the Minimum Wage Act (최저임금법)","url":"https://www.moel.go.kr/info/lawinfo/instruction/view.do?bbs_seq=20250800121"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/kr/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Statutory public holidays for calendar year 2026 under the Public Holidays Act and the Regulations on Public Holidays of Government Offices, with substitute-holiday rules applied.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"관공서의 공휴일에 관한 규정 (Regulations on Public Holidays of Government Offices), Presidential Decree as last amended by Decree No. 36290 (promulgated 2026-04-30; Labour Day provisions in force 2026-05-01, remainder in force 2026-05-11), and 공휴일에 관한 법률 (Public Holidays Act), as amended by Act No. 21338 (promulgated 2026-02-10, in force 2026-05-11) restoring Constitution Day and by Act No. 21543 (promulgated 2026-04-09, in force 2026-05-01) designating Labour Day","url":"https://www.law.go.kr/법령/관공서의공휴일에관한규정"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/kr/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"Consumer price inflation (소비자물가 상승률)","description":"Year-on-year change in the national Consumer Price Index (2020=100), compiled monthly by the Ministry of Data and Statistics (국가데이터처, formerly Statistics Korea/KOSTAT).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-06-01","source":{"name":"국가데이터처 보도자료 「2026년 6월 소비자물가동향」 (Ministry of Data and Statistics press release, Consumer Price Trends June 2026, released 2026-07-02)","url":"https://mods.go.kr/board.es?mid=a10301040100&bid=213&act=view&list_no=445720"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/kr/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax (법인세) top rate","description":"Top marginal national corporate income tax rate under Article 55 of the Corporate Tax Act; Korea applies a four-bracket progressive schedule plus a 10% local income tax surcharge.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"법인세법 (Corporate Tax Act) Article 55, as amended by Act No. 21217 (promulgated 2025-12-23, in force 2026-01-01; applies to fiscal years beginning on or after 2026-01-01); rates confirmed on National Tax Service page '법인세 세율 (2026년 이후)'","url":"https://www.nts.go.kr/nts/cm/cntnts/cntntsView.do?cntntsId=7746&mi=2372"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/kr/corporate-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax (종합소득세) schedule","description":"Progressive comprehensive (global) income tax schedule under Article 55(1) of the Income Tax Act — eight brackets from 6% to 45% on annual taxable income, excluding the 10% local income tax surcharge.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2023-01-01","source":{"name":"소득세법 (Income Tax Act) Article 55(1), bracket schedule as amended by Act No. 19196 (promulgated 2022-12-31, effective 2023-01-01); confirmed current for tax year 2026 on National Tax Service page '종합소득세 세율'","url":"https://www.nts.go.kr/nts/cm/cntnts/cntntsView.do?mi=2227&cntntsId=7667"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/kr/income-tax"}]},{"country":"KW","name":"Kuwait","currency":"KWD","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"CBK Discount Rate","description":"The Discount Rate is the Central Bank of Kuwait's headline policy rate — the ceiling rate at which CBK lends to local banks — set by the CBK Board of Directors under Law No. 32 of 1968 concerning Currency, the Central Bank of Kuwait and the Organisation of Banking Business. CBK announces changes by press release and publishes the standing level on its Main Indicators page alongside its intervention rates (overnight, 1-week and 1-month repo). Unlike the rest of the GCC, Kuwait does NOT run a US-dollar peg: the Kuwaiti dinar is pegged to an undisclosed weighted basket of currencies, so CBK sets the Discount Rate with some latitude and does not automatically mirror the Federal Reserve.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2025-12-11","source":{"name":"Central Bank of Kuwait press release, 10 Dec 2025 — 'CBK Cuts the discount rate by 25 basis points to 3.50%', effective Thursday 11 December 2025; level re-confirmed on CBK's Main Indicators page ('Last change on rates as of: 11/12/2025')","url":"https://www.cbk.gov.kw/en/cbk-news/announcements-and-press-releases/press-releases/2025/12/202512101500-cbk-cuts-the-discount-rate-by-25-basis-points-to-350"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/kw/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"Value-added tax (VAT)","description":"Standard VAT rate. STRUCTURAL NULL — Kuwait has NOT enacted or implemented VAT as of the confirmation date, and has no general consumption tax of any kind.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"BRITACOM country tax profile for Kuwait — 'collected and published by the BRITACOM Secretariat' and 'reviewed and approved by the tax authorities of the relevant jurisdiction': Kuwait levies no value-added tax and has postponed VAT implementation, considering an excise tax instead; corroborated by the IMF's 2025 Article IV Consultation with Kuwait (Executive Board concluded 23 Feb 2026), which RECOMMENDS that 'the GCC-wide excise tax and 5 percent VAT should be introduced' — i.e. neither exists today","url":"https://www.britacom.org/zt/BRPolicies/Kuwait/"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/kw/vat"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"National minimum wage (private and oil sector)","description":"Kuwait's statutory monthly minimum wage for workers in the private and oil sectors, set by ministerial order under Article 63 of the Private Sector Labour Law No. 6 of 2010, which empowers the competent minister to fix a minimum wage by sector and occupation on the recommendation of the advisory committee and to review it at least every five years. Administration of private-sector labour now sits with the Public Authority for Manpower (PAM). Domestic workers fall OUTSIDE this instrument and have their own, lower floor under the domestic-labour law.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2017-06-11","source":{"name":"Ministerial Order No. 14 of 2017 setting the monthly minimum wage for workers in the private and oil sectors at KD 75 — ILO NATLEX official record KWT-2017-R-107351, adopted and entered into force 11 June 2017, made under Article 63 of Private Sector Labour Law No. 6 of 2010","url":"https://webapps.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_lang=en&p_isn=107351"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/kw/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Kuwait's official public holidays for calendar year 2026. The statutory list for private-sector workers is fixed by Article 68 of Private Sector Labour Law No. 6 of 2010 — Gregorian New Year, Hijri New Year, Isra and Miraj, Eid al-Fitr (3 days), Waqfat Arafat plus Eid al-Adha (4 days), the Prophet's Birthday, National Day and Liberation Day. The Hijri-dated holidays are movable and depend on official moon sighting; the exact public-sector dates and any bridging days are declared each year by the Civil Service Commission (CSC) following a Cabinet decision.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Article 68, Private Sector Labour Law No. 6 of 2010 (statutory holiday list, published by the Public Authority for Manpower) read with the 2026 declarations of Kuwait's Civil Service Commission and Council of Ministers for each movable Hijri holiday (Isra and Miraj 18 Jan; Eid al-Fitr 19-23 Mar; Eid al-Adha and Arafat 26-31 May; Hijri New Year 16 Jun, per Cabinet decision of 10 Jun 2026)","url":"https://www.manpower.gov.kw/docs/LaborLaw/Labor_Law_Eng.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/kw/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"Consumer Price Index (latest month)","description":"Official monthly Consumer Price Index for Kuwait, base year 2013 = 100, compiled and published by the Central Statistical Bureau (CSB), Kuwait's national statistical authority. The monthly bulletin reports the general index level, the month-on-month change and the year-on-year inflation rate, with a twelve-group COICOP breakdown.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-06-01","source":{"name":"Central Statistical Bureau (CSB) — Consumer Price Index bulletin for June 2026, released 20 Jul 2026: general index 139.9 points (base 2013=100), unchanged month-on-month, +2.19% year-on-year; the June 2026 release is the newest item on the CSB Consumer Price Indices publication list","url":"https://www.csb.gov.kw/Pages/Statistics_en?ID=34&ParentCatID=3"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/kw/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax rate (foreign-owned share)","description":"Kuwait's flat corporate income tax under Income Tax Decree No. 3 of 1955 as amended by Law No. 2 of 2008, administered by the Ministry of Finance's Department of Income Taxes. The rate is 15% of net taxable profit, but the CHARGE IS OWNERSHIP-SCOPED: it falls only on foreign (non-GCC) corporate bodies carrying on trade or business in Kuwait, directly or through an agent, and on the foreign-owned share of a mixed-ownership Kuwaiti or GCC company. Wholly Kuwaiti- and GCC-owned entities pay no corporate income tax and instead face separate domestic levies (Zakat, NLST, KFAS).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2008-02-03","source":{"name":"Income Tax Decree No. 3 of 1955 as amended by Law No. 2 of 2008 (Ministry of Finance official text, mof.gov.kw/Desicions/Decree/PDF/Q3_1955e.pdf) — flat 15% on the gains and profits of a foreign corporate body carrying on trade or business in Kuwait; scope and rate as recorded in the BRITACOM Kuwait tax profile, which states it was reviewed and approved by Kuwait's tax authorities","url":"https://www.britacom.org/zt/BRPolicies/Kuwait/"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/kw/corporate-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax","description":"Personal income tax on individuals. STRUCTURAL NULL — Kuwait imposes NO personal income tax on any individual, national or expatriate, on employment income or otherwise.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"BRITACOM country tax profile for Kuwait — published by the BRITACOM Secretariat and stated to have been reviewed and approved by Kuwait's tax authorities: Kuwait 'does not have inheritance tax, property tax or personal income tax'; the income tax under Decree No. 3 of 1955 as amended is charged on foreign CORPORATE bodies only","url":"https://www.britacom.org/zt/BRPolicies/Kuwait/"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/kw/income-tax"}]},{"country":"KZ","name":"Kazakhstan","currency":"KZT","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"NBK base rate (базовая ставка)","description":"The National Bank of Kazakhstan base rate — the key monetary policy instrument, an indicative target for short-term interbank rates (operationally tracked against TONIA, the KASE one-day auto-repo rate), set by the Monetary Policy Committee (Комитет по денежно-кредитной политике) with an interest-rate corridor of +/- 1 percentage point. Decided eight times a year on a published schedule.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-07-24","source":{"name":"Национальный Банк Республики Казахстан — пресс-релиз от 24.07.2026 «О снижении базовой ставки до 16,75%»: «Комитет по денежно-кредитной политике Национального Банка Республики Казахстан принял решение установить базовую ставку на уровне 16,75% годовых с коридором +/- 1 п.п.»","url":"https://nationalbank.kz/ru/news/press-relizy/19982"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/kz/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"VAT standard rate (НДС)","description":"Налог на добавленную стоимость — standard rate on taxable turnover and taxable imports, Article 503(1) of the Tax Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Кодекс РК от 18 июля 2025 года № 214-VIII ЗРК), administered by the State Revenue Committee of the Ministry of Finance.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Налоговый кодекс Республики Казахстан (Кодекс РК от 18 июля 2025 года № 214-VIII ЗРК), статья 503, пункт 1: «Если иное не установлено настоящей статьей, ставка налога на добавленную стоимость составляет 16 процентов и применяется к размеру облагаемого оборота и облагаемого импорта»; введён в действие с 1 января 2026 года статьёй 848, пункт 1 — текст в ИПС «Әділет» (Министерство юстиции РК)","url":"https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/K2500000214"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/kz/vat"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Minimum monthly wage (МЗП)","description":"Минимальный размер заработной платы (МЗП) — the single national statutory monthly minimum wage. Not set by a wage board: it is fixed for the coming year in the annual republican budget law adopted by Parliament each December and applies from 1 January. There are no regional, sectoral or occupational variants.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Закон Республики Казахстан от 8 декабря 2025 года № 239-VIII ЗРК «О республиканском бюджете на 2026 – 2028 годы», статья 7: «Установить с 1 января 2026 года: 1) минимальный размер заработной платы – 85 000 тенге» — текст в ИПС «Әділет»","url":"https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/Z2500000239"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/kz/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Национальные и государственные праздники per Articles 2 and 3 of the Law «О праздниках в Республике Казахстан» (Закон РК от 13 декабря 2001 года N 267-II), which Article 84 of the Labour Code recognises as non-working праздничные дни, plus the two additional statutory rest days in Article 84(5) of the Labour Code (first day of Kurban Ait; 7 January, Orthodox Christmas). Calendar year 2026, with weekend transfers applied.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Закон Республики Казахстан от 13 декабря 2001 года N 267-II «О праздниках в Республике Казахстан», статьи 2, 3 и 5 (действующая редакция от 01.07.2026, с изменениями по Закону РК от 11.06.2026 № 306-VIII); Трудовой кодекс РК (Кодекс от 23 ноября 2015 года № 414-V), статья 84, пункт 5 — текст в ИПС «Әділет»","url":"https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/Z010000267_"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/kz/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"CPI inflation (year-on-year)","description":"Headline consumer price inflation, year-on-year percent, latest published month, from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Бюро национальной статистики АСПиР РК).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-06-01","source":{"name":"Бюро национальной статистики АСПиР РК — «Инфляция в Республике Казахстан (июнь 2026г.)», опубликовано 1 июля 2026 года: индекс потребительских цен, июнь 2026г. к июню 2025г. — 110,3%","url":"https://stat.gov.kz/ru/industries/economy/prices/publications/347710/"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/kz/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax standard rate (КПН)","description":"Корпоративный подоходный налог (КПН) — standard rate on the taxable income of resident legal entities and of non-residents operating through a permanent establishment, Article 357(2)(5) of the Tax Code (Кодекс РК от 18 июля 2025 года № 214-VIII ЗРК).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Налоговый кодекс РК (Кодекс РК от 18 июля 2025 года № 214-VIII ЗРК), статья 357, пункт 2, подпункт 5): «от иной деятельности, не предусмотренной подпунктами 1), 2), 3) и 4) настоящего пункта, – 20 процентов»; введён в действие с 1 января 2026 года (ст. 848, п. 1) — текст в ИПС «Әділет»","url":"https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/K2500000214"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/kz/corporate-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax rates (ИПН)","description":"Индивидуальный подоходный налог (ИПН) for resident individuals — Article 363 of the Tax Code (Кодекс РК от 18 июля 2025 года № 214-VIII ЗРК). Since 1 January 2026 general income (including employment income) is taxed on a two-band PROGRESSIVE annual scale; the bands are denominated in месячный расчетный показатель (MRP), the index fixed each year by the republican budget law.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Налоговый кодекс РК (Кодекс РК от 18 июля 2025 года № 214-VIII ЗРК), статья 363, подпункт 1): доходы за календарный год — «до 8500-кратного месячного расчетного показателя (включительно) — 10 процентов; свыше 8500-кратного месячного расчетного показателя — сумма налога с облагаемого дохода в размере 8500-кратного месячного расчетного показателя + 15 процентов с суммы, превышающей его»; размер МРП на 2026 год — 4 325 тенге (Закон РК от 08.12.2025 № 239-VIII ЗРК «О республиканском бюджете на 2026 – 2028 годы», ст. 7, пп. 4))","url":"https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/K2500000214"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/kz/income-tax"}]},{"country":"LK","name":"Sri Lanka","currency":"LKR","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"Overnight Policy Rate (OPR)","description":"The Central Bank of Sri Lanka's SINGLE policy interest rate — the rate the Monetary Policy Board sets to signal and operationalise the monetary policy stance under the Flexible Inflation Targeting framework of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka Act, No. 16 of 2023 (inflation target 5%, agreed in the Monetary Policy Framework Agreement of October 2023). Reviewed roughly every two months (six scheduled Monetary Policy Reviews a year).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-05-26","source":{"name":"CBSL — Monetary Policy Review: No. 03 – May 2026, 26 May 2026: 'The Monetary Policy Board, at its meeting held yesterday, decided to increase the Overnight Policy Rate (OPR) by 100 bps to 8.75%'","url":"https://www.cbsl.gov.lk/sites/default/files/cbslweb_documents/press/pr/press_20260526_Monetary_Policy_Review_No_3_2026_e_Hi7x2.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/lk/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"VAT standard rate","description":"Standard rate of Value Added Tax charged under section 2(1) of the Value Added Tax Act, No. 14 of 2002, administered by the Department of Inland Revenue.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2024-01-01","source":{"name":"Value Added Tax (Amendment) Act, No. 16 of 2024 (certified 20 March 2024; Gazette supplement of 22 March 2024), section 2(3) inserting item (ix) into section 2(1)(v) of the Value Added Tax Act, No. 14 of 2002: 'for any taxable period commencing on or after January 1, 2024 at the rate of eighteen per centum (of which the tax fraction is 9/59)'","url":"https://documents.gov.lk/view/act/2024/3/16-2024_E.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/lk/vat"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"National minimum wage","description":"The statutory national minimum monthly wage payable to all workers in any industry or service, fixed by section 3(1) of the National Minimum Wage of Workers Act, No. 3 of 2016 as amended. Sri Lanka sets this by primary legislation, not by an annual indexation order — it changes only when Parliament amends the Act.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"National Minimum Wage of Workers (Amendment) Act, No. 11 of 2025 (certified 23 July 2025; Gazette supplement of 25 July 2025), section 2 substituting section 3(1)(b) of Act No. 3 of 2016: 'With effect from January 1, 2026, the national minimum monthly wage for all workers in any industry or service shall be thirty thousand rupees, and the national minimum daily wage of a worker shall be one thousand two hundred rupees'","url":"https://documents.gov.lk/view/act/2025/7/11-2025_E.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/lk/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Sri Lanka's gazetted holiday calendar for 2026, as published by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka. Each day is classified Bank (B), Public (P) and/or Mercantile (M) — the three categories carry different legal consequences and not every holiday is all three.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Central Bank of Sri Lanka — 'Central Bank of Sri Lanka - Bank Holidays for 2026' (official consolidated Bank / Public / Mercantile holiday table for calendar year 2026)","url":"https://www.cbsl.gov.lk/en/about/about-the-bank/bank-holidays-2026"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/lk/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"CCPI inflation (year-on-year)","description":"Headline consumer price inflation measured by the Colombo Consumer Price Index (CCPI, base 2021=100), year-on-year percent for the latest published month, compiled by the Prices and Wages Division of the Department of Census and Statistics. The CCPI is the index against which the Central Bank's 5% inflation target is assessed.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-06-01","source":{"name":"Department of Census and Statistics, Prices & Wages Division — 'MOVEMENTS OF THE CCPI (Base : 2021 = 100)' official series table: June 2026 index 207.7, month-on-month +2.1%, year-on-year 6.8%, 12-month moving average 2.7%","url":"https://www.statistics.gov.lk/Resource/en/InflationAndPrices/CCPI/MOVEMENTS_of_CCPI_with_MV_Base2021.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/lk/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax standard rate","description":"Standard rate of income tax on the taxable income of a company, paragraph 4(1) of the First Schedule to the Inland Revenue Act, No. 24 of 2017, administered by the Department of Inland Revenue. Sri Lanka's tax year (year of assessment) runs 1 April to 31 March.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2022-10-01","source":{"name":"Inland Revenue (Amendment) Act, No. 45 of 2022 (certified 19 December 2022), section amending paragraph 4(1) of the First Schedule to the Inland Revenue Act, No. 24 of 2017, inserting items (c) and (d): taxed 'at the rate of 24% for first six months of the year of assessment commencing on April 1, 2022 and for second six months of the same year of assessment at the rate of 30%' and '(d) with effect from April 1, 2023 shall be taxed at the rate of 30%'","url":"https://documents.gov.lk/view/act/2022/12/45-2022_E.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/lk/corporate-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax bands","description":"Statutory marginal rate schedule applied to the taxable income of a resident or non-resident individual, paragraph 1(1D) of the First Schedule to the Inland Revenue Act, No. 24 of 2017. Amounts are per year of assessment (1 April to 31 March) and apply to taxable income AFTER the personal relief is deducted.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2025-04-01","source":{"name":"Inland Revenue (Amendment) Act, No. 2 of 2025 (certified 20 March 2025; Gazette supplement of 21 March 2025), section 3(1)(b) inserting paragraph 1(1D) into the First Schedule to the Inland Revenue Act, No. 24 of 2017: 'the taxable income of a resident or non-resident individual for a year of assessment commencing from April 1, 2025 shall be taxed at the following rates' — 6% up to Rs. 1,000,000; Rs. 60,000 + 18% over Rs. 1,000,000 up to Rs. 1,500,000; Rs. 150,000 + 24% up to Rs. 2,000,000; Rs. 270,000 + 30% up to Rs. 2,500,000; Rs. 420,000 + 36% above Rs. 2,500,000","url":"https://documents.gov.lk/view/act/2025/3/02-2025_E.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/lk/income-tax"}]},{"country":"MY","name":"Malaysia","currency":"MYR","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"Overnight Policy Rate (OPR)","description":"Bank Negara Malaysia's policy interest rate, set by the Monetary Policy Committee and used as the target rate for overnight interbank lending.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2025-07-09","source":{"name":"Bank Negara Malaysia, Monetary Policy Committee decision of 9 July 2025 (OPR reduced 25bp to 2.75%), reaffirmed at the MPC meetings of 4 Sep 2025, 6 Nov 2025, 22 Jan 2026, 5 Mar 2026, 7 May 2026 and 9 Jul 2026; issued under the Central Bank of Malaysia Act 2009 [Act 701] s.22-23","url":"https://www.bnm.gov.my/monetary-stability/opr-decisions"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/my/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"Value Added Tax","description":"Standard rate of value added tax / goods and services tax.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2018-09-01","source":{"name":"Goods and Services Tax (Repeal) Act 2018 [Act 805], royal assent 24 August 2018, in force 1 September 2018 [P.U. (B) 510/2018]; replaced by the Sales Tax Act 2018 [Act 806] and the Service Tax Act 2018 [Act 807]","url":"https://lom.agc.gov.my/act-detail.php?act=805&lang=BI"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/my/vat"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"National Minimum Wage","description":"Statutory national minimum wage payable to employees, set by ministerial order under the National Wages Consultative Council Act 2011.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2025-02-01","source":{"name":"Perintah Gaji Minimum 2024 / Minimum Wages Order 2024 [P.U. (A) 376/2024], made 2 December 2024 under s.23 of the Akta Majlis Perundingan Gaji Negara 2011 / National Wages Consultative Council Act 2011 [Act 732], gazetted 4 December 2024, paras 3 and 5","url":"https://gajiminimum.mohr.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/PUA%20376.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/my/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public Holidays","description":"Federal (nationwide) gazetted public holidays for calendar year 2026, with Holidays Act 1951 substitution applied.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Jadual Hari Kelepasan Am Persekutuan 2026, issued by Bahagian Kabinet, Perlembagaan dan Perhubungan Antara Kerajaan (BKPP), Jabatan Perdana Menteri, Putrajaya; substitution applied under the proviso to s.3 of the Holidays Act 1951 [Act 369]; First Schedule to Act 369 as amended by P.U. (B) 414/1972 (Labour Day), P.U. (B) 363/2005 (Awal Muharram) and P.U. (B) 491/2009 (Malaysia Day); additional 20 March 2026 holiday declared under s.8 of Act 369 by the Ministry of Human Resources (KESUMA) circular dated 15 March 2026","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260116151554/https://www.kabinet.gov.my/storage/2025/08/HKA-2026.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/my/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"Consumer Price Index (annual inflation)","description":"Headline consumer price inflation, year-on-year percentage change in the Consumer Price Index published monthly by the Department of Statistics Malaysia.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-06-01","source":{"name":"Department of Statistics Malaysia (Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia), Consumer Price Index, June 2026, released 17 July 2026 under the Statistics Act 1965 [Act 415]","url":"https://www.dosm.gov.my/portal-main/release-content/consumer-price-index-june2026"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/my/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate Income Tax","description":"Standard statutory rate of income tax on the chargeable income of a resident company.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2016-01-01","source":{"name":"Lembaga Hasil Dalam Negeri Malaysia (Inland Revenue Board), Kadar Cukai Syarikat (Company Tax Rates), page updated 25 June 2026; statutory basis Part I of Schedule 1 to the Akta Cukai Pendapatan 1967 / Income Tax Act 1967 [Act 53]","url":"https://www.hasil.gov.my/syarikat/kadar-cukai-syarikat/"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/my/corporate-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal Income Tax","description":"Progressive income tax rate bands applied to the chargeable income of a resident individual.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2023-01-01","source":{"name":"Lembaga Hasil Dalam Negeri Malaysia (Inland Revenue Board), Kadar Cukai - Individu, table 'Tahun Taksiran 2023, 2024 & 2025'; statutory basis Part I of Schedule 1 to the Akta Cukai Pendapatan 1967 / Income Tax Act 1967 [Act 53] as amended by the Finance Act 2023 [Act 845]","url":"https://www.hasil.gov.my/individu/kadar-cukai/"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/my/income-tax"}]},{"country":"NP","name":"Nepal","currency":"NPR","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"NRB policy rate (fixed repo rate)","description":"The policy rate of Nepal Rastra Bank — the fixed repo rate that sits in the middle of NRB's interest rate corridor and anchors the operating target (the weighted average interbank rate). Set in the annual Monetary Policy issued under section 94 of the Nepal Rastra Bank Act, 2058 for each Bikram Sambat fiscal year (mid-July to mid-July) and adjusted in the quarterly reviews (first-quarter, mid-term and third-quarter).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2025-12-01","source":{"name":"Nepal Rastra Bank — 'आर्थिक वर्ष २०८२/८३ को मौद्रिक नीतिको पहिलो त्रैमासिक समीक्षा' (First Quarterly Review of Monetary Policy for FY 2082/83), Kathmandu, 2082 Mangsir 15 (1 December 2025), policy provision para 41: the standing liquidity facility rate forming the upper bound of the interest rate corridor is cut from 6.00% to 5.75% and the policy rate (नीतिगत दर) from 4.50% to 4.25%, with the standing deposit facility rate held at 2.75%, expressly to narrow the corridor and make it symmetric around the policy rate","url":"https://www.nrb.org.np/ofg/monetary-policy-2082-83-1st-quarter-review/"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/np/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"VAT standard rate","description":"Standard rate of value added tax charged under section 7(1) of the Value Added Tax Act, 2052 (1996), administered by the Inland Revenue Department. Nepal's VAT year follows the Bikram Sambat fiscal year (mid-July to mid-July).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2005-01-14","source":{"name":"मूल्य अभिवृद्धि कर ऐन, २०५२ (Value Added Tax Act, 2052), section 7(1) as amended: 'यस ऐन बमोजिम लाग्ने करको दर तेह्र प्रतिशतको एकल दर हुनेछ' — the rate of tax chargeable under this Act shall be a SINGLE rate of thirteen percent; section 7(2) charges zero rate on the goods and services listed in Schedule 2. Consolidated text published by the Inland Revenue Department as 'मूल्य अभिवृद्धि कर ऐन, २०५२ (आर्थिक ऐन, २०८२ ले गरेको संशोधन सहित)', 18 Poush 2082","url":"https://ird.gov.np/content/13407/value-added-tax-act--2052--as-amended/"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/np/vat"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"National minimum remuneration","description":"The statutory national minimum remuneration (न्यूनतम पारिश्रमिक) for workers, fixed by the Ministry of Labour, Employment and Social Security under section 106(1) of the Labour Act, 2074 on the recommendation of the Minimum Remuneration Fixation Committee constituted under section 107. The Act requires the Ministry to fix it EVERY TWO YEARS; it is expressed as a basic remuneration plus a dearness allowance, and quoted monthly, daily and hourly.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2025-07-17","source":{"name":"Government of Nepal, Ministry of Labour, Employment and Social Security (श्रम, रोजगार तथा सामाजिक सुरक्षा मन्त्रालय), Singhadurbar — प्रेस विज्ञप्ति of 2082/04/01 (17 July 2025): under section 106(1) of the Labour Act, 2074 and on the recommendation of the Minimum Remuneration Fixation Committee under section 107, by Ministry decision of 2082/3/32 at Hon. Minister level, the minimum remuneration is fixed as follows with effect from 2082 Shrawan 1 — monthly basic 12,170 + dearness allowance 7,380 = Rs 19,550; daily 470 + 284 = Rs 754; per hour 63 + 38 = Rs 101; and for part-time workers Rs 107 per hour","url":"https://www.moless.gov.np/content/13291/press-release-related-press-release-remuneration-remained/"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/np/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Nepal's gazetted public, festival and substitute holidays falling in Gregorian calendar year 2026, from the two Ministry of Home Affairs notices published in the Nepal Gazette that between them cover the year: the BS 2082 notice (which runs to 13 April 2026) and the BS 2083 notice (which runs from 14 April 2026). Dates are given in Gregorian with the Bikram Sambat date of the gazette entry in the name.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Nepal Gazette (नेपाल राजपत्र), Part 5, Ministry of Home Affairs notice — Khanda 75, Sankhya 67, Kathmandu, Falgun 18, 2082 (2 March 2026): the Government of Nepal's decision fixing the public, festival and substitute holidays and office hours for all government offices and public bodies for the year from Baishakh 1, 2083 to the end of Chaitra. Read together with Khanda 74, Sankhya 59, dated 2081/11/15, which covers Baishakh 1, 2082 to the end of Chaitra 2082 and therefore governs 1 January to 13 April 2026. Both notices are hosted by the Ministry of Home Affairs","url":"https://www.moha.gov.np/page/government-and-public-holidays-in-2083"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/np/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"Consumer price inflation (year-on-year)","description":"Headline national consumer price inflation, year-on-year percent for the latest published Nepali month, compiled and published by the Economic Research Department of Nepal Rastra Bank on the national Consumer Price Index (base year 2023/24 = 100). Released monthly in the 'Current Macroeconomic and Financial Situation' report, about a month after the reference month closes.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-05-15","source":{"name":"Nepal Rastra Bank, Economic Research Department — 'Current Macroeconomic and Financial Situation of Nepal, Based on Eleven Months' Data (Ending Mid-June) of Fiscal Year 2025/26', released 13 July 2026, para 1: 'The y-o-y consumer price inflation stood at 5.22 percent in mid-June 2026 compared to 2.72 percent a year ago. Food and beverage inflation stood at 4.95 percent whereas non-food and service inflation stood at 5.37 percent in the review month'","url":"https://www.nrb.org.np/contents/uploads/2026/07/Current-Macroeconomic-and-Financial-Situation-English-Based-on-11-Month-data-of-2025.26-1.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/np/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax standard rate","description":"Standard rate of income tax on the taxable income of an entity (निकाय), Schedule 1, section 2(1) of the Income Tax Act, 2058, administered by the Inland Revenue Department. Nepal's income year is the Bikram Sambat fiscal year, 1 Shrawan to the end of Ashadh (mid-July to mid-July).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2002-04-01","source":{"name":"आयकर ऐन, २०५८ (Income Tax Act, 2058), Schedule 1 (अनुसूची-१, relating to section 4), section 2 'निकायको सम्बन्धमा', sub-section (1): 'यस दफाको उपदफा (२), (३), (५) र (७) को अधीनमा रही कुनै आय वर्षमा कुनै निकायको करयोग्य आयमा पच्चीस प्रतिशतका दरले कर लाग्नेछ' — subject to sub-sections (2), (3), (5) and (7), tax is charged at twenty-five percent on an entity's taxable income for an income year. Consolidated text published by the Inland Revenue Department as 'आयकर ऐन, २०५८ (आर्थिक ऐन, २०८२ ले गरेको संशोधन सहित)', 18 Poush 2082","url":"https://ird.gov.np/content/13405/income-tax-act--2058--as-amended-by/"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/np/corporate-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax bands","description":"Statutory marginal rate schedule applied to the taxable income of a resident natural person OR of a couple electing under section 50 of the Act, Schedule 1, section 1(1) of the Income Tax Act, 2058 as substituted by section 57(26) of the Finance Act, 2083. Amounts are per income year (1 Shrawan to end of Ashadh, mid-July to mid-July) and apply to taxable income.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-07-17","source":{"name":"आर्थिक विधेयक/ऐन, २०८३ (Finance Act, 2083, presented 15 Jestha 2083 = 29 May 2026), section 57(26), substituting Schedule 1 section 1(1) of the Income Tax Act, 2058 and replacing the words 'प्राकृतिक व्यक्तिको' with 'प्राकृतिक व्यक्ति वा दम्पतीको' in the section heading: 1 percent on employment taxable income up to Rs 1,000,000; Rs 10,000 plus 10 percent on the excess above Rs 1,000,000 up to Rs 1,500,000; Rs 60,000 plus 20 percent up to Rs 2,500,000; Rs 260,000 plus 27 percent above Rs 2,500,000; and where taxable income exceeds Rs 4,000,000, an additional tax of TWO PERCENTAGE POINTS ('थप दुई प्रतिशत बिन्दुले अतिरिक्त कर') on the excess. Section 1(2) of the same Act places section 57 outside the immediate-commencement list, so it applies from 2083 Shrawan 1","url":"https://mof.gov.np/content/1742/economic-bill--2083/"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/np/income-tax"}]},{"country":"OM","name":"Oman","currency":"OMR","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"CBO Repo Rate (interest rate on repurchase operations with the Central Bank of Oman)","description":"The Repo Rate is the interest rate at which the Central Bank of Oman (CBO) injects rial liquidity into licensed banks through repurchase operations against eligible collateral. It is CBO's principal policy/liquidity-injection rate and the rate CBO quotes in every weekly Treasury-bill announcement. Because the Rial Omani is pegged to the US dollar, CBO does not run an independent stance: it moves the Repo Rate in step with the US Federal Reserve. CBO also operates a Treasury Bills Discounting Facility at a higher rate (4.75% at confirmation), which is a standing facility, not the policy rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2025-12-11","source":{"name":"Central Bank of Oman — weekly Government Treasury Bills tender announcement, 20 July 2026: \"the interest rate on the Repo operations with CBO is 4.25% while the discount rate on the Treasury Bills Discounting Facility with CBO is 4.75%\"","url":"https://cbo.gov.om/news/764"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/om/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"Value Added Tax (VAT) — standard rate","description":"Oman's standard rate of value added tax, levied under the VAT Law promulgated by Royal Decree No. 121/2020 and administered by the Oman Tax Authority (OTA). Oman was the fourth GCC state to implement VAT under the GCC Unified VAT Agreement. The rate is a single standard rate with a defined list of zero-rated and exempt supplies.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2021-04-16","source":{"name":"Oman Tax Authority — VAT FAQs: \"The standard rate of tax will be 5% on most goods and services, with a few exceptions\"; VAT Law issued by Royal Decree 121/2020 (OTA VAT Law & Regulations index)","url":"https://tms.taxoman.gov.om/portal/vat-faqs"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/om/vat"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Minimum wage for Omani nationals in the private sector","description":"Oman's statutory wage floor is NOT a universal minimum wage. It is a nationality-scoped floor that applies only to OMANI NATIONALS employed in the private sector, fixed by Ministerial Decision No. 222 of 2013 (Ministry of Manpower, now Ministry of Labour) at OMR 325 per month made up of an OMR 225 basic wage plus OMR 100 in allowances. Expatriate/migrant private-sector workers are NOT covered by any statutory minimum wage in Oman. Under the Labour Law promulgated by Royal Decree No. 53/2023, Article 88, the minimum wage is set by decision of the Minister of Labour after consultation with the Committee for Joint Dialogue between Production Parties and approval by the Council of Ministers.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2013-07-01","source":{"name":"Ministerial Order (Decision) No. 222 of 2013 fixing the Minimum Wage for Omani Workers in the Private Sector — ILO NATLEX national legislation record; enabling provision now Article 88 of the Labour Law promulgated by Royal Decree No. 53/2023","url":"https://natlex.ilo.org/dyn/natlex2/r/natlex/fe/details?p3_isn=95440"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/om/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Official public holidays","description":"Oman's official public holidays for calendar year 2026, applying to units of the State's administrative apparatus, other public legal persons and private-sector establishments. The catalogue of holidays is fixed by Royal Decree No. 88/2022 (as amended by Royal Decree No. 15/2025); the Gregorian dates for each year are announced by the Ministry of Labour under a Council of Ministers policy, adopted for 2026, of publishing the calendar in advance — except the two Eids, whose dates follow the declarations of the Main Committee for Determining the Beginning of Hijri Months (moon sighting).","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Ministry of Labour / Council of Ministers — advance announcement of Oman's 2026 public holidays, 28 December 2025 (Accession Day 15 Jan, Isra' wal Mi'raj 18 Jan, Hijri New Year 18 Jun, Prophet's Birthday 27 Aug, National Day 25-26 Nov); Eid dates announced separately by the Ministry of Labour on the declaration of the Main Committee for Determining the Beginning of Hijri Months. Catalogue of holidays fixed by Royal Decree No. 88/2022 as amended by Royal Decree No. 15/2025","url":"https://www.omanobserver.om/article/1181777/oman/labour/except-for-eids-oman-announces-public-holidays-for-2026"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/om/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"Consumer Price Index — annual inflation rate (latest month)","description":"Oman's official Consumer Price Index, compiled and published monthly by the National Centre for Statistics and Information (NCSI), the national statistical authority, on a 2018 = 100 base. NCSI's headline monthly release is the year-on-year change in the general CPI for the Sultanate, with breakdowns by COICOP division and by governorate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-06-01","source":{"name":"National Centre for Statistics and Information (NCSI) — Consumer Price Inflation Report: June 2026, published 12 July 2026: general CPI up 2.8% year-on-year (base 2018 = 100)","url":"https://api.ncsi.gov.om/uploads/pdfs/consumer_price_inflation_report___june_2026_1783839682.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/om/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax — standard rate","description":"Oman's standard rate of income tax on the taxable income of Omani establishments, companies and permanent establishments, set by Article 52 of the Income Tax Law promulgated by Royal Decree No. 28/2009 (as amended, principally by Royal Decree No. 9/2017 and Royal Decree No. 118/2020) and administered by the Oman Tax Authority. Unlike Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait and the UAE's pre-2023 position, Oman's corporate income tax is a GENERAL tax of broad application: it is not scoped to foreign ownership and it is not confined to oil and gas or banking. It applies to Omani-owned and foreign-owned entities alike, with no tax-free threshold.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2017-01-01","source":{"name":"Income Tax Law promulgated by Royal Decree No. 28/2009 (as amended), Article 52 — tax is calculated at 15% of the taxable income of any Omani establishment, company or permanent establishment for any tax year; official English text published by the Oman Tax Authority","url":"https://tms.taxoman.gov.om/portal/documents/20126/1455220/income+tax+law+english.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/om/corporate-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax","description":"Personal income tax on the income of individuals. NO PERSONAL INCOME TAX IS IN FORCE IN OMAN as of the confirmation date — individuals pay no tax on salaries, wages or other personal income. A Personal Income Tax Law HAS however been enacted (Royal Decree No. 56/2025), the first in the GCC, but it does not commence until 1 January 2028.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"Oman Tax Authority — 'Issuance of Personal Income Tax (PIT) Law': the Personal Income Tax Law issued by Royal Decree No. 56/2025 imposes 5% on taxable income of a natural person whose total income exceeds OMR 42,000 annually, and \"the law will enter into force at the beginning of 2028\"","url":"https://tms.taxoman.gov.om/portal/w/issuance-of-personal-income-tax-pit-law"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/om/income-tax"}]},{"country":"PH","name":"Philippines","currency":"PHP","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"BSP Target Reverse Repurchase (RRP) Rate","description":"Benchmark policy rate of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, set at the midpoint of the interest-rate corridor by the Monetary Board (~6 scheduled meetings per year).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-06-19","source":{"name":"BSP Monetary Board decision of 18 June 2026 (+25 bps to 4.75%), Monetary Policy Report - June 2026, p.1; BSP daily Target RRP rate series","url":"https://www.bsp.gov.ph/statistics/Financial%20System%20Accounts/BSPrates_rrp_data.aspx"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/ph/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"Value-Added Tax (standard rate)","description":"Standard VAT rate on sale, barter, exchange and importation of goods and on services, NIRC Sections 106-108.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2006-02-01","source":{"name":"NIRC Secs. 106 & 108 as amended by Republic Act No. 9337 (24 May 2005); rate raised 10%->12% effective 1 Feb 2006 per Executive Secretary memorandum of 31 Jan 2006, circularized by BIR Revenue Memorandum Circular No. 7-2006","url":"https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2005/ra_9337_2005.html"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/ph/vat"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Minimum Wage (lowest regional non-agriculture daily floor)","description":"Lowest general non-agriculture daily minimum wage among the Philippines' 17 regional wage-board schedules (RA 6727 regional wage-order matrix).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2025-07-17","source":{"name":"Wage Order No. BARMM-04 (signed 9 Jun 2025, effective 17 Jul 2025); NWPC Summary of Current Regional Daily Minimum Wage Rates, 9 July 2026","url":"https://nwpc.dole.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Summary-of-Current-Regl-MWRs-Non-Agri-and-Agri-by-Region-July-9_2026.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/ph/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public Holidays 2026","description":"Nationwide regular holidays and special (non-working) days for calendar year 2026.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Proclamation No. 1006, s. 2025 (3 Sep 2025); Proclamation No. 1189, s. 2026 (12 Mar 2026, Eid'l Fitr); Proclamation No. 1264, s. 2026 (21 May 2026, Eid'l Adha)","url":"https://lawphil.net/executive/proc/proc2025/proc_1006_2025.html"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/ph/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"Consumer Price Inflation (headline, y/y)","description":"Year-on-year change in the national all-items Consumer Price Index (2018=100), Philippine Statistics Authority.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-06-01","source":{"name":"PSA Summary Inflation Report, Consumer Price Index (2018=100): June 2026, Reference No. 2026-207, released 7 July 2026","url":"https://psa.gov.ph/content/summary-inflation-report-consumer-price-index-2018100-june-2026"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/ph/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate Income Tax (regular rate)","description":"Regular corporate income tax (RCIT) on net taxable income of domestic and resident foreign corporations, NIRC Sec. 27(A)/28(A).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2020-07-01","source":{"name":"NIRC Sec. 27(A) as amended by RA 11534 (CREATE, 26 Mar 2021) and RA 12066 (CREATE MORE, signed 8 Nov 2024)","url":"https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2024/ra_12066_2024.html"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/ph/corporate-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal Income Tax (graduated schedule)","description":"Graduated income tax on taxable income of resident individuals, NIRC Sec. 24(A)(2)(a) - schedule in force from 1 January 2023.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2023-01-01","source":{"name":"NIRC Sec. 24(A)(2)(a) as amended by RA 10963 (TRAIN Act, signed 19 Dec 2017), Sec. 5 - schedule applicable from 1 January 2023 onwards","url":"https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2017/ra_10963_2017.html"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/ph/income-tax"}]},{"country":"PK","name":"Pakistan","currency":"PKR","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"SBP Policy (Target) Rate","description":"The State Bank of Pakistan's policy (target) rate — the anchor of the interest rate corridor and the target for the overnight money market repo rate — set by the Monetary Policy Committee constituted under the SBP Act, 1956 (as amended by the SBP (Amendment) Act, 2022). The MPC meets on a pre-announced calendar, eight times per fiscal year.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-04-28","source":{"name":"State Bank of Pakistan — Monetary Policy Statement, April 27, 2026 (MPC): \"The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) in its meeting today decided to increase the policy rate by 100 bps to 11.50 percent with effect from April 28, 2026\"","url":"https://www.sbp.org.pk/assets/documents/press-release/Pr-27-Apr-2026.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/pk/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"General Sales Tax (GST) — federal standard rate on goods","description":"Pakistan's VAT-equivalent. The FEDERAL sales tax on goods levied under section 3(1) of the Sales Tax Act, 1990, administered by the Federal Board of Revenue. Services are NOT in the federal net — each province taxes services separately under its own law and its own rate schedule (see notes).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2023-02-15","source":{"name":"Sales Tax Act, 1990, section 3(1) — \"there shall be charged, levied and paid a tax known as sales tax at the rate of [eighteen] per cent of the value of (a) taxable supplies made ... by a registered person ... and (b) goods imported into Pakistan\"; FBR consolidated text amended up to 30-06-2026 (footnote 142: \"Substituted for seventeen vide Finance (Supplementary) Act, 2023\")","url":"https://download1.fbr.gov.pk/Docs/20267171373418951SalesTaxAct1990updatedupto30.06.2026.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/pk/vat"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Minimum wage (unskilled worker, monthly)","description":"Pakistan has NO single statutory national minimum wage. Since the 18th Constitutional Amendment, wage fixation is a provincial subject: each province's tripartite Minimum Wages Board fixes and gazettes rates under its own law (Punjab Minimum Wages Act 2019, Sindh Minimum Wages Act 2015, KP Minimum Wages Act 2013, Balochistan Minimum Wages Act 2021). The federal government fixes the rate for the Islamabad Capital Territory and announces a headline national figure in the annual federal budget, which the provinces then broadly track. This series carries that federal budget figure for an UNSKILLED worker.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-07-01","source":{"name":"Government of Pakistan, Finance Division — Federal Budget Speech 2026-27 delivered by Finance Minister Muhammad Aurangzeb on 12 June 2026, Part III (Relief Measures), para 93: a ten (10) per cent increase in the minimum monthly wage is proposed for FY2026-27 (alongside 7% increases in government salaries and pensions)","url":"https://www.finance.gov.pk/budget/budget_2026_27/Budget_Speech_2026_27.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/pk/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Federal public holidays for calendar year 2026, notified by the Cabinet Division (Cabinet Secretariat, Government of Pakistan) in its annual circular on public and optional holidays, as amended by the Prime Minister's separate moon-sighting notifications. Dates below are the FINAL notified dates.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Cabinet Secretariat, Cabinet Division — Circular F.No. 10-1/2025-Min-II, Islamabad, 19 January 2026, 'Public and Optional Holidays for the Year 2026'; as amended by Notification No.10-1/2026-Min-II of 15 March 2026 (Eid-ul-Fitr: 20 and 21 March 2026), Notification No.10-01/2026-Min-II of 20 May 2026 (Eid-ul-Azha: 26, 27 and 28 May 2026) and Notification No.10-01/2026-Min-II of 22 June 2026 (Ashura: 25 and 26 June 2026)","url":"https://cabinet.gov.pk/SiteImage/Misc/files/Holidays/2026/Public-Holidays-2026.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/pk/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"CPI inflation (year-on-year)","description":"National Consumer Price Index inflation, year-on-year percent, latest published month, from the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (Ministry of Planning, Development & Special Initiatives). Base year 2015-16 = 100. Released in the first days of the following month.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-06-01","source":{"name":"Pakistan Bureau of Statistics — Monthly Review on Price Indices, June 2026 (Base Year 2015-16), Table 1: National CPI general index 293.47 in June 2026 vs 264.22 in June 2025, \"increased by 11.07% over corresponding month of the last year\"","url":"https://www.pbs.gov.pk/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Monthly-Review-June-2026.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/pk/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax rate","description":"Standard rate of tax on the taxable income of a resident company other than a banking company or a small company, under Division II of Part I of the First Schedule to the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001, administered by the Federal Board of Revenue. Pakistan's tax year runs 1 July to 30 June and is named for the year in which it ends (tax year 2027 = FY2026-27).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2018-07-01","source":{"name":"Income Tax Ordinance, 2001, First Schedule Part I Division II ('Rates of Tax for Companies') — Table as substituted by the Income Tax (Amendment) Act, 2025 (Act No. XIII of 2025): Banking Company 44% (TY2025), 43% (TY2026), 42% (TY2027 and onwards); Small Company 20%; Any other company 29%. FBR consolidated text of the Ordinance","url":"https://download1.fbr.gov.pk/Docs/2026226162211364IncomeTaxOrdinance2001-Amended-20.02.2026.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/pk/corporate-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax brackets — SALARIED individuals","description":"Statutory tax rates on the taxable income of a SALARIED individual (an individual whose salary income exceeds 75% of taxable income), under clause (2) of Division I of Part I of the First Schedule to the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001. Rates for tax year 2027 (income year 1 July 2026 to 30 June 2027), as substituted by the Finance Act, 2026. Non-salaried individuals and associations of persons are taxed on a DIFFERENT schedule — see notes.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-07-01","source":{"name":"Finance Act, 2026 (Act No. XLIII of 2026, assented by the President on 26 June 2026, published in the Gazette of Pakistan Extraordinary Part I, 26 June 2026), section 44(a)(i): in the First Schedule, Part I, Division I, clause (2), the Table substituted — the salaried-individual rate table for tax year 2027","url":"https://download1.fbr.gov.pk/Docs/20266291261044366FinanceAct2026.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/pk/income-tax"}]},{"country":"QA","name":"Qatar","currency":"QAR","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"QCB Deposit Rate (QCBDR)","description":"The QCB Deposit Rate is Qatar Central Bank's official overnight rate at which banks place funds with the QCB, and QCB's stated primary operating target (it manages the average overnight interbank rate, AOIR, toward the QCBDR). QCB also sets a Lending Rate (QCBLR, the overnight borrowing rate) and a Repo Rate (QCBRR, collateralised, between the two). Because the Qatari riyal is pegged to the US dollar at USD 1 = QAR 3.64, QCB moves in step with the US Federal Reserve.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2025-12-10","source":{"name":"Qatar Central Bank monetary policy decision, 10 Dec 2025 — QCB cuts by 25bps: QCB Deposit Rate (QCBDR) to 3.85%, Lending Rate (QCBLR) to 4.35%, Repo Rate (QCBRR) to 4.10% (Qatar News Agency, official state agency)","url":"https://qna.org.qa/en/News-Area/News/2025-12/10/qatar-central-bank-cuts-key-interest-rates-by-25-basis-points"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/qa/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"Value-added tax (VAT)","description":"Standard VAT rate. STRUCTURAL NULL — Qatar has NOT enacted VAT as of the confirmation date.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"Qatar General Tax Authority (GTA) — taxes overview: Qatar levies corporate income tax and excise tax; no value-added tax is in force","url":"https://gta.gov.qa/en/taxes-info"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/qa/vat"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"National non-discriminatory minimum wage","description":"Qatar's statutory national minimum wage under Law No. 17 of 2020, effective 20 March 2021 — the first non-discriminatory minimum wage in the Gulf, covering ALL private-sector workers including migrant and domestic workers, regardless of nationality or sector. Comprises a basic monthly wage plus food and housing allowances payable where the employer does not provide those in kind.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2021-03-20","source":{"name":"Law No. (17) of 2020 Determining the National Minimum Wage for Workers and Domestic Workers — ILO NATLEX official record; implementation announced by the Ministry of Administrative Development, Labour and Social Affairs (ADLSA), effective 20 March 2021","url":"https://natlex.ilo.org/dyn/natlex2/natlex2/redirect/fromOld?p_lang=en&p_isn=110485&p_count=3&p_classification=12"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/qa/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Qatar's official public holidays for calendar year 2026. Qatar's statutory public holidays are few: National Sports Day (second Tuesday of February), Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha (Hijri/movable, moon-sighting dependent), and National Day (18 December). Dates for the movable Eid holidays are set annually by the Amiri Diwan; National Sports Day and National Day are fixed by law.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Amiri Diwan of the State of Qatar — official holiday declarations for 2026 (Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha announcements); National Day fixed by Law No. 11 of 2007 (18 December); National Sports Day fixed by Emiri decision (second Tuesday of February)","url":"https://www.amiridiwan.qa/"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/qa/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"Consumer Price Index (latest month)","description":"Official monthly Consumer Price Index for Qatar, base year 2018=100, published by the National Planning Council (NPC), Qatar's statistical authority (formerly the Planning and Statistics Authority). The headline release reports the month-on-month change and index level.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-05-01","source":{"name":"National Planning Council (NPC) — Consumer Price Index for May 2026: index 110.05, month-on-month -0.51% (released 18 Jun 2026; reported by Qatar News Agency, official state agency)","url":"https://qna.org.qa/en/News-Area/News/2026-6/18/consumer-price-index-for-may-2026-records-a-monthly-decrease-of-051"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/qa/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax rate","description":"Standard corporate income tax rate under the Income Tax Law No. 24 of 2018, administered by the General Tax Authority (GTA). Qatar taxes the FOREIGN-owned share of a business's profits; the Qatari- and GCC-owned share is generally exempt.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2019-01-01","source":{"name":"General Tax Authority (GTA) — Income Tax Law No. 24 of 2018: standard corporate income tax rate 10% of taxable income (higher minimum 35% for petroleum operations and petrochemical activities)","url":"https://gta.gov.qa/en/taxes-info"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/qa/corporate-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax","description":"Personal income tax on individuals. STRUCTURAL NULL — Qatar imposes NO personal income tax on the salaries, wages and allowances of individuals, whether Qatari nationals or expatriates.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":null,"source":{"name":"General Tax Authority (GTA) — Income Tax Law No. 24 of 2018: salaries, wages and allowances are exempt from income tax; no personal income tax is levied on employment income","url":"https://gta.gov.qa/en/taxes-info"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/qa/income-tax"}]},{"country":"SA","name":"Saudi Arabia","currency":"SAR","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"SAMA Repo Rate","description":"The Saudi Central Bank (SAMA) Repurchase Agreement (Repo) rate — the rate at which SAMA provides overnight liquidity to banks against eligible collateral, and the headline of SAMA's two administered policy rates. Because the Saudi riyal is pegged to the US dollar at SAR 3.75, SAMA has no independent rate cycle and moves in lockstep with the US Federal Reserve to defend the peg; decisions are announced within hours of the FOMC.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2025-12-10","source":{"name":"Saudi Central Bank (SAMA), Repo Rate (Monetary Policy Tools), showing 4.25% effective 10/12/2025; decision of 10 December 2025 lowered the Repo rate by 25bps from 4.50% to 4.25% (and the Reverse Repo by 25bps from 4.00% to 3.75%) in line with the US Federal Reserve's 10 Dec 2025 cut","url":"https://www.sama.gov.sa/en-US/MonetaryPolicy/MonetaryPolicyTools/Pages/RepoRate.aspx"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/sa/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"Value Added Tax (standard rate)","description":"Standard rate of Value Added Tax, administered by the Zakat, Tax and Customs Authority (ZATCA) under the VAT Law (Royal Decree No. M/113 of 1438H) implementing the GCC Unified VAT Agreement, in force since 1 January 2018.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2020-07-01","source":{"name":"Zakat, Tax and Customs Authority (ZATCA), Value Added Tax Law and Implementing Regulations; standard rate raised from 5% to 15% by Royal Order No. A/638 (15 May 2020) effective 1 July 2020, confirmed across ZATCA's published VAT guidelines (which state VAT 'is assessed and added to the sales price' at 15%)","url":"https://zatca.gov.sa/en/RulesRegulations/Taxes/Pages/VATLaw.aspx"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/sa/vat"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Minimum wage for Saudi nationals (Saudization / Nitaqat)","description":"Saudi Arabia has no universal statutory minimum wage covering all workers. This figure is the SAR 4,000/month minimum that applies to SAUDI NATIONALS for the purpose of the Saudization (Nitaqat) programme — a Saudi employee must be paid at least this to be counted as one full worker toward an employer's Saudization quota. Set by ministerial decision of the Minister of Human Resources and Social Development (MHRSD).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2021-04-18","source":{"name":"Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development (MHRSD) ministerial decision raising the minimum wage for Saudis registered in the Nitaqat programme from SAR 3,000 to SAR 4,000 (issued November 2020, legal effect 18 April 2021), Saudi Press Agency announcement","url":"https://www.spa.gov.sa/en/e6780322f3"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/sa/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Official public holidays for 2026 under Article 112 of the Saudi Labor Law (Royal Decree M/51 of 1426H), administered by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development: four occasions totalling ~10 paid days — Founding Day, Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha and National Day. Islamic (Hijri) holiday dates are set by moon-sighting; the 2026 dates below were officially announced by the Saudi authorities and are past/confirmed.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Saudi Labor Law, Article 112 (Royal Decree M/51 of 1426H, as amended), administered by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development; 2026 Hijri dates per the Saudi moon-sighting announcements (Umm al-Qura calendar / Supreme Court): Eid al-Fitr first day announced 20 March 2026, Eid al-Adha (10 Dhul Hijjah) 27 May 2026 with Arafah on 26 May 2026","url":"https://www.hrsd.gov.sa/en/knowledge-centre/articles/322"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/sa/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"Consumer Price Index inflation (year-on-year)","description":"Headline consumer price inflation, year-on-year percent change in the Consumer Price Index published monthly by the General Authority for Statistics (GASTAT), the Kingdom's official statistics office.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-06-01","source":{"name":"General Authority for Statistics (GASTAT), Consumer Price Index June 2026 (released mid-July 2026): annual inflation 1.8%, month-on-month +0.2%; CPI basket of 582 items weighted from the 2023 Household Income and Expenditure Survey under GASTAT's updated methodology (in use since August 2025)","url":"https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/w/news/180"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/sa/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax rate","description":"Standard corporate income tax (CIT) rate on company profits, administered by the Zakat, Tax and Customs Authority (ZATCA) under the Income Tax Law (Royal Decree No. M/1 of 1425H, 2004). Applies to the share of a company owned by non-Saudi / non-GCC persons; the Saudi/GCC-owned share is instead subject to Zakat, not CIT.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2004-07-30","source":{"name":"ZATCA, Income Tax Law (Royal Decree No. M/1 of 15/1/1425H, 2004), Article 7 — standard corporate income tax rate of 20% on the tax base; scope per ZATCA's Income Tax Law / Implementing Regulations page (applies to resident capital companies in respect of non-Saudi partners' shares, and to non-resident persons with Saudi-source income)","url":"https://zatca.gov.sa/en/RulesRegulations/Taxes/Pages/IncomeTaxLaw.aspx"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/sa/corporate-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax","description":"Statutory personal income tax on individuals' salaries and wages, administered by the national tax authority (ZATCA).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2004-07-30","source":{"name":"ZATCA, Income Tax Law (Royal Decree No. M/1 of 1425H, 2004) and Implementing Regulations — the tax reaches only resident capital companies (in respect of non-Saudi partners' shares) and non-resident persons with Saudi-source income; no provision imposes tax on resident individuals' employment income. There is no personal-income-tax statute in the Kingdom.","url":"https://zatca.gov.sa/en/RulesRegulations/Taxes/Pages/IncomeTaxLaw.aspx"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/sa/income-tax"}]},{"country":"SG","name":"Singapore","currency":"SGD","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"Policy interest rate","description":"Central bank policy interest rate. Singapore: structural null — MAS conducts monetary policy via the S$NEER exchange-rate band, not an interest rate.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-04-14","source":{"name":"MAS Monetary Policy Statement, 14 April 2026 (S$NEER policy band decision; quarterly statement series, Monetary Authority of Singapore)","url":"https://www.mas.gov.sg/news/monetary-policy-statements/2026/mas-monetary-policy-statement-14apr26"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/sg/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"GST standard rate","description":"Goods and Services Tax (Singapore's VAT) standard rate on taxable supplies of goods and services and on imports.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2024-01-01","source":{"name":"Goods and Services Tax Act 1993, s 16; two-step rate increase legislated by the Goods and Services Tax (Amendment) Act 2022 (No. 35 of 2022; Government Gazette Acts Supplement No. 34, 9 Dec 2022); IRAS 'Current GST rates'","url":"https://www.iras.gov.sg/taxes/goods-services-tax-(gst)/basics-of-gst/current-gst-rates"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/sg/vat"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Statutory minimum wage","description":"National statutory minimum wage. Singapore: structural null — no general minimum wage exists; sectoral Progressive Wage Model ladders and the Local Qualifying Salary are the actual wage-floor mechanisms.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-07-01","source":{"name":"Ministry of Manpower — Local Qualifying Salary and Progressive Wage Model pages (no general minimum wage under the Employment Act 1968)","url":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/employment-practices/progressive-wage-model/local-qualifying-salary"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/sg/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Gazetted public holidays for calendar year 2026 under the Holidays Act 1998, with Sunday-to-Monday substitutions applied.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Holidays Act 1998, Schedule and s 4(1); Ministry of Manpower gazetted public holiday dates for 2026","url":"https://www.mom.gov.sg/employment-practices/public-holidays"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/sg/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"Consumer price inflation (CPI, year-on-year)","description":"All-items Consumer Price Index, percent change over the same month of the previous year (base 2024=100), compiled by the Singapore Department of Statistics.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-05-01","source":{"name":"Singapore Department of Statistics, 'Singapore Consumer Price Index, May 2026' (released 23 Jun 2026, base 2024=100); joint MAS/MTI press release 'Consumer Price Developments in May 2026'","url":"https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/explore-data-themes/economy-prices/consumer-price-index/latest-news-data"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/sg/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax rate","description":"Headline corporate income tax rate on chargeable income of companies (resident and non-resident).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2010-01-01","source":{"name":"Income Tax Act 1947, s 43(1)(a) (17% on every dollar of chargeable income; current version as at 20 Jul 2026, Singapore Statutes Online)","url":"https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ITA1947?ProvIds=pr43-"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/sg/corporate-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax (resident rates)","description":"Progressive income tax schedule for resident individuals, applicable from Year of Assessment 2024 onwards (includes YA2026, i.e. income earned in calendar 2025).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2024-01-01","source":{"name":"Income Tax Act 1947, Second Schedule Part A Table 3 (rates for YA2024 and subsequent YAs, inserted by Act 33 of 2022 wef 04/11/2022), read with s 42(1); current version as at 20 Jul 2026, Singapore Statutes Online","url":"https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ITA1947?ProvIds=Sc2-"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/sg/income-tax"}]},{"country":"TH","name":"Thailand","currency":"THB","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"Policy interest rate","description":"Bank of Thailand policy rate — the 1-day bilateral repurchase rate set by the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-02-25","source":{"name":"Bank of Thailand, Monetary Policy Committee's Decision 3/2026 (meeting of 24 June 2026), issued under the Bank of Thailand Act B.E. 2485 as amended by Act (No. 4) B.E. 2551 which constitutes the MPC","url":"https://www.bot.or.th/en/news-and-media/news/mpc/news-20260624-NVHKxr00.html"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/th/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"Value added tax (standard rate)","description":"Standard VAT rate on the sale of goods, provision of services and imports, inclusive of the local (municipal) tax collected together with VAT.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2025-10-01","source":{"name":"Royal Decree issued under the Revenue Code governing the reduction of the value added tax rate (No. 799) B.E. 2568, published in the Royal Gazette Vol. 142, Part 59 Kor, 14 September 2025; amending Royal Decree (No. 646) B.E. 2560 as previously extended by Royal Decree (No. 790) B.E. 2567","url":"https://www.rd.go.th/fileadmin/user_upload/kormor/newlaw/dc799.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/th/vat"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Minimum wage","description":"Statutory daily minimum wage set by the tripartite National Wage Committee. Thailand operates a PROVINCIAL MATRIX — the value served is the lowest general provincial floor in the country.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2025-07-01","source":{"name":"Notification of the Wage Committee on the Minimum Wage Rate (No. 14), dated 17 June B.E. 2568, issued under sections 79(3) and 88 of the Labour Protection Act B.E. 2541 as amended by Act (No. 3) B.E. 2551 and (No. 6) B.E. 2560; in force from 1 July 2025","url":"https://www.mol.go.th/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/07/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8-%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%88.%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B3-%E0%B8%8914-%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/th/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"National public holidays for calendar year 2026, with substitution (mondayisation) rules applied.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Notification of the Office of the Prime Minister on the Determination of Annual Government Holidays, dated 24 May B.E. 2562, Royal Gazette Vol. 136, Special Part 135 Ngor, 27 May 2019 (giving effect to the Cabinet resolution of 21 May 2019); supplemented by the Cabinet resolution of 22 April 2025 declaring Friday 2 January 2026 an additional special government holiday","url":"https://ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/documents/17082311.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/th/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"Consumer price index / inflation","description":"Headline consumer price inflation, year-on-year, compiled by the Trade Policy and Strategy Office, Ministry of Commerce.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-06-01","source":{"name":"Trade Policy and Strategy Office (TPSO), Ministry of Commerce — Consumer Price Index of Thailand, June 2026 and Q2 2026, released 6 July 2026","url":"https://uploads.tpso.go.th/economic/pdf/Cpig062569_tg.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/th/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax (standard rate)","description":"Standard corporate income tax rate on the net profit of a juristic company or partnership.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2016-01-01","source":{"name":"Revenue Code of Thailand, section 65 and the Income Tax Schedule (2)(a) attached to the Revenue Code, as amended by the Revenue Code Amendment Act (No. 42) B.E. 2559 (2016), which made the 20% rate permanent — Revenue Department corporate income tax page","url":"https://www.rd.go.th/english/6044.html"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/th/corporate-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax (progressive bands)","description":"Progressive personal income tax rates on net assessable income of resident and non-resident individuals.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2017-01-01","source":{"name":"Revenue Code of Thailand, section 48(1) and the Income Tax Schedule (1) attached to the Revenue Code, as amended by the Revenue Code Amendment Act (No. 44) B.E. 2560; the 0% on the first THB 150,000 is granted by Royal Decree (No. 470) B.E. 2551 — Revenue Department personal income tax rate table","url":"https://www.rd.go.th/59670.html"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/th/income-tax"}]},{"country":"TR","name":"Türkiye","currency":"TRY","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"CBRT one-week repo auction rate (bir hafta vadeli repo ihale faiz oranı)","description":"The Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye (TCMB/CBRT) policy rate — the one-week repo auction rate — set by the Monetary Policy Committee (Para Politikası Kurulu, PPK) under Law No. 1211 on the Central Bank. Eight scheduled decisions a year, announced at 14:00 Ankara time with a same-day press release; the rate corridor (overnight lending / overnight borrowing) is set alongside it.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-01-22","source":{"name":"CBRT Press Release on Interest Rates No. 2026-01, 22 January 2026 — 'the Committee has decided to reduce the policy rate (the one-week repo auction rate) from 38 percent to 37 percent'; level reconfirmed unchanged at 12 Mar 2026 (2026-12), 22 Apr 2026 (2026-17), 11 Jun 2026 (2026-23) and 23 Jul 2026 (2026-28)","url":"https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/EN/TCMB+EN/Main+Menu/Announcements/Press+Releases/2026/ANO2026-01"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/tr/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"KDV standard rate (genel katma değer vergisi oranı)","description":"Katma Değer Vergisi (KDV) genel oranı — the standard VAT rate on supplies of goods and services. Set under Article 28 of Katma Değer Vergisi Kanunu No. 3065 by Presidential decree; the operative instrument is Karar 2007/13033 (Mal ve Hizmetlere Uygulanacak Katma Değer Vergisi Oranlarının Tespitine İlişkin Karar) as amended.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2023-07-10","source":{"name":"Karar 2007/13033, Madde 1(1)(a), consolidated 'Güncel KDV Oranları' text published by the Gelir İdaresi Başkanlığı (GİB): rate for taxable transactions other than those in the annexed lists = %20, '(7346 sayılı Cumhurbaşkanı Kararı ile değişen ibare. Yürürlük: 10/07/2023)'; amending decree Cumhurbaşkanı Kararı No. 7346, Resmî Gazete 7 July 2023, sayı 32241","url":"https://cdn.gib.gov.tr/api/gibportal-file/file/getFileResources?objectKey=arsiv/yardim-kaynaklar/yararli-bilgiler/kdv-oranlari.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/tr/vat"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Asgari ücret (national minimum wage, gross monthly)","description":"Türkiye has a single NATIONAL minimum wage with no regional, sectoral or age variation. It is fixed by the tripartite Asgari Ücret Tespit Komisyonu (Minimum Wage Determination Commission) under Article 39 of İş Kanunu No. 4857 and the Asgari Ücret Yönetmeliği; the Commission's karar is published in the Resmî Gazete and the Ministry of Labour and Social Security (Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı) publishes the derived net figure and employer cost. The statutory figure is a DAILY gross rate; the monthly figure is that daily rate × 30.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Asgari Ücret Tespit Komisyonu Kararı (2025/1), Resmî Gazete 26 Aralık 2025, sayı 33119 — günlük asgari ücret 1.101,00 TL for 1 Ocak 2026 – 31 Aralık 2026; figures reproduced in the Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı (ÇSGB) Çalışma Genel Müdürlüğü sheet 'Asgari Ücretin Net Hesabı ve İşverene Maliyeti, 01.01.2026 - 31.12.2026' (brüt 33.030,00 TL, net 28.075,50 TL)","url":"https://www.csgb.gov.tr/Media/gm2fekds/asgari-%C3%BCcret-2026.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/tr/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Ulusal bayram ve genel tatil günleri 2026","description":"National and general public holidays for calendar year 2026 under Ulusal Bayram ve Genel Tatiller Hakkında Kanun No. 2429 (17/3/1981). Fixed-date civil holidays plus the two movable religious holidays (Ramazan Bayramı / Eid al-Fitr and Kurban Bayramı / Eid al-Adha), whose Gregorian dates come from the Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı religious calendar.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Ulusal Bayram ve Genel Tatiller Hakkında Kanun No. 2429 (RG 19/3/1981, sayı 17284), Madde 1 and Madde 2 — consolidated text on mevzuat.gov.tr; movable religious-holiday dates from Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı, '2026 Dini Günler Listesi'","url":"https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuatmetin/1.5.2429.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/tr/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"TÜFE consumer price inflation (year-on-year)","description":"Tüketici Fiyat Endeksi (TÜFE) — headline consumer price index annual rate of change, published monthly by the Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) on the 3rd of the following month at 10:00.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-06-01","source":{"name":"TÜİK Haber Bülteni Sayı 58289, 'Tüketici Fiyat Endeksi, Haziran 2026', published 03 Temmuz 2026 10:00 — 'Tüketici fiyat endeksi (TÜFE) yıllık %32,11 arttı, aylık %0,99 arttı'","url":"https://veriportali.tuik.gov.tr/tr/press/58289"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/tr/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Kurumlar vergisi standard rate","description":"Standard corporate income tax rate on resident company profits under Article 32 of Kurumlar Vergisi Kanunu No. 5520, as amended by Law No. 7456 (2023) and Law No. 7524 (2024). Banks and other listed financial-sector taxpayers pay a higher rate; several activity-based reductions apply.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2023-01-01","source":{"name":"Gelir İdaresi Başkanlığı (GİB), 'Kurumlar Vergisi Oranları' — 2026 ve 2025 Hesap Dönemi table: %25 for corporate taxpayers other than those listed, %30 for banks and listed financial-sector taxpayers, dayanağı K.V.K. Madde 32","url":"https://cdn.gib.gov.tr/api/gibportal-file/file/getFileResources?objectKey=arsiv%2Fyardim-kaynaklar%2Fyararli-bilgiler%2Fkurumlar-vergisi-oranlari.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/tr/corporate-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Gelir vergisi tarifesi (personal income tax brackets)","description":"Personal income tax rate schedule for resident individuals under Article 103 of Gelir Vergisi Kanunu No. 193. The bracket thresholds are re-set every calendar year by a Gelir Vergisi Genel Tebliği, indexed to the annual yeniden değerleme oranı (revaluation rate). Türkiye runs TWO schedules that differ only in the third bracket ceiling: one for ücret (employment) income and one for all other income.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Gelir Vergisi Genel Tebliği (Seri No: 332), Resmî Gazete 31 Aralık 2025, sayı 33124 (5. Mükerrer) — 2026 takvim yılı gelirlerine uygulanacak GVK Madde 103 tarifesi; reproduced as GİB 'Gelir Vergisi Tarifesi 2026'","url":"https://cdn.gib.gov.tr/api/gibportal-file/file/getFileResources?objectKey=arsiv%2Fyardim-kaynaklar%2Fyararli-bilgiler%2Fgelir-vergisi-tarifeleri%2Fgelir-vergisi-tarifesi-2026.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/tr/income-tax"}]},{"country":"TW","name":"Taiwan","currency":"TWD","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"CBC discount rate (重貼現率)","description":"The Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan)'s discount rate — the headline policy rate, being the rate at which the CBC rediscounts eligible bills for banks. Set by the Board of Directors and Supervisors at its quarterly monetary policy meeting (March, June, September, December). The CBC also sets two adjacent facility rates: the rate on accommodations with collateral (secured refinancing) and the rate on accommodations without collateral (temporary accommodations).","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-23","effective_from":"2024-03-22","source":{"name":"Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan) — key indicators, Discount Rate table (discount rate 2.000% effective 2024/3/22; rate on accommodations with collateral 2.375%, without collateral 4.250%), corroborated by the Monetary Policy Decision of the Board Meeting 2026 Q2 (18 June 2026) which kept all three rates unchanged","url":"https://www.cbc.gov.tw/en/lp-695-2.html"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/tw/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"Business tax (VAT) standard rate — 加值型營業稅","description":"Taiwan's value-added-type business tax (營業稅) standard rate, levied on the sale of goods and services and on imports under the Value-added and Non-value-added Business Tax Act (加值型及非加值型營業稅法). Article 10 fixes the rate between 5% and 10% and delegates the operative collection rate to the Executive Yuan, which has set it at the statutory minimum of 5%.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-23","effective_from":"1986-04-01","source":{"name":"Value-added and Non-value-added Business Tax Act, Article 10 ('the business tax rate shall be no less than 5% and no more than 10%; the applicable collection rate shall be prescribed by the Executive Yuan') — Laws & Regulations Database of the Republic of China (Taiwan), Ministry of Justice","url":"https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=G0340080"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/tw/vat"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Minimum Wage (最低工資) — monthly and hourly","description":"Taiwan's statutory minimum wage, set annually by the Minimum Wage Deliberation Committee under the Ministry of Labor (勞動部) pursuant to the Minimum Wage Act (最低工資法, in force since 1 Jan 2025, replacing the former Basic Wage mechanism of the Labor Standards Act), and promulgated by the Executive Yuan to take effect on 1 January. Set as a monthly/hourly PAIR: the monthly rate covers full-time monthly-paid workers, the hourly rate covers part-time and hourly-paid workers.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-23","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Ministry of Labor, R.O.C. (Taiwan) — English newsletter No. 84, 'Minimum wage to increase in 2026': monthly minimum wage adjusted from NT$28,590 to NT$29,500 and hourly from NT$190 to NT$196, effective 1 January 2026 (Minimum Wage Deliberation Committee decision of 26 September 2025, under the Minimum Wage Act)","url":"https://english.mol.gov.tw/21139/40790/87087/"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/tw/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"National holidays and days off for 2026 (Republic of China Year 115), governed by the Act Governing Commemorative Days and Holidays (紀念日及節日實施條例, enacted May 2025) and scheduled in the official government-agency work calendar published by the Directorate-General of Personnel Administration (DGPA / 行政院人事行政總處), Executive Yuan.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-23","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Directorate-General of Personnel Administration (DGPA), Executive Yuan, R.O.C. (Taiwan) — 2026 (Year 115) work calendar for government agencies and schools, issued under the Act Governing Commemorative Days and Holidays (紀念日及節日實施條例)","url":"https://www.dgpa.gov.tw/en/information?uid=353&pid=12580"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/tw/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"CPI inflation (year-on-year)","description":"Headline consumer price index inflation, year-on-year percent change, latest published month, from the Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics (DGBAS / 主計總處), Executive Yuan — Taiwan's official statistics authority.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-23","effective_from":"2026-06-01","source":{"name":"DGBAS (主計總處) — 'The Price Indices for June 2026', press release 7 July 2026: CPI rose 2.60% year-on-year (MoM +0.52%; +0.21% seasonally adjusted); core CPI (excl. fruit, vegetables and energy) +2.45%","url":"https://eng.stat.gov.tw/News.aspx?n=2735&sms=11575"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/tw/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Profit-seeking enterprise income tax rate","description":"Standard profit-seeking enterprise income tax (營利事業所得稅) rate on resident company net taxable income, under the Income Tax Act (所得稅法), Article 5, administered by the Ministry of Finance / Taxation Administration.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-23","effective_from":"2018-01-01","source":{"name":"Income Tax Act, Article 5, para. 5 — profit-seeking enterprise income tax: taxable income of NT$120,000 or less is exempt; where taxable income exceeds NT$120,000 the rate is 20%. Laws & Regulations Database of the Republic of China (Taiwan), Ministry of Justice","url":"https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=G0340003"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/tw/corporate-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Individual consolidated income tax brackets","description":"Progressive marginal rate schedule for the individual consolidated income tax (綜合所得稅) on resident individuals' annual net taxable income, under the Income Tax Act (所得稅法), Article 5. The bracket thresholds (and the exemption/deduction amounts) are re-indexed to the CPI by Ministry of Finance public notice whenever the cumulative CPI rise since the last adjustment reaches 3%.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-23","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Ministry of Finance / Taxation Administration (財政部賦稅署) — public notice of 27 Nov 2025 announcing the Year 115 (2026) individual consolidated income tax exemption, deductions and tax brackets (income earned in 2026, filed May 2027); thresholds NT$610,000 / 1,380,000 / 2,770,000 / 5,190,000 at 5/12/20/30/40%","url":"https://www.dot.gov.tw/singlehtml/ch26?cntId=cf5db69f558d42409aa56c70838e8802"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/tw/income-tax"}]},{"country":"UZ","name":"Uzbekistan","currency":"UZS","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"CBU policy rate (asosiy stavka / основная ставка)","description":"The Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan's policy rate — the principal monetary policy instrument, the rate around which the CBU's operational corridor for short-term interbank rates (benchmarked to UZONIA, the overnight reference rate) is built. Set by the Board (Правление) of the Central Bank at eight scheduled meetings a year, in pursuit of a 5% medium-term inflation target.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2025-03-24","source":{"name":"Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan — press release of 20 March 2025, «At the meeting on March 20, 2025, the Board of the Central Bank decided to raise the policy rate by 0.5 percentage points to 14 percent per annum» (headline inflation 10.1% y/y in February 2025; household inflation expectations 15.3%, business 13.8%). Level reaffirmed without change at every subsequent meeting, most recently 17 June 2026: «the Board of the Central Bank decided to keep the policy rate unchanged at 14 percent per annum». Effective date 24.03.2025 is the date the CBU itself publishes beside the rate on cbu.uz («Основная ставка 14% с 24.03.2025» / «Policy rate 14% from 24.03.2025»)","url":"https://cbu.uz/en/monetary-policy/publications/press-releases/2249386/"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/uz/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"VAT standard rate (НДС / QQS)","description":"Налог на добавленную стоимость — the standard rate applied to taxable turnover and taxable imports under part one of Article 258 of the Tax Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan (new edition, approved by Law № ЗРУ-599 of 30 December 2019, in force from 1 January 2020), administered by the Tax Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2023-01-01","source":{"name":"Закон Республики Узбекистан от 30 декабря 2022 года № ЗРУ-812 «О внесении изменений и дополнений в некоторые законодательные акты Республики Узбекистан в связи с принятием основных направлений налоговой и бюджетной политики на 2023 год» — амендмент к Налоговому кодексу: «в части первой статьи 258 цифру „15“ заменить цифрой „12“»; дата вступления в силу 01.01.2023 (Национальная база данных законодательства, lex.uz)","url":"https://lex.uz/ru/docs/6333248"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/uz/vat"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Minimum wage (eng kam ish haqi / минимальный размер оплаты труда, МРОТ)","description":"The single national statutory monthly minimum wage. Not set by a wage board and not set in the budget law: it is fixed by PRESIDENTIAL DECREE (Указ Президента Республики Узбекистан), revised roughly annually in the same instrument that raises public-sector pay, pensions, stipends and allowances. There are no regional, sectoral or occupational variants.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2025-08-01","source":{"name":"Указ Президента Республики Узбекистан от 2 июня 2025 года № УП-91 «О повышении размеров заработной платы, пенсий, стипендий и пособий»: установить с 1 августа 2025 года «минимальный размер оплаты труда — 1 271 000 сумов в месяц» и «базовую расчетную величину — 412 000 сумов» (Национальная база данных законодательства, lex.uz)","url":"https://lex.uz/ru/docs/7553336"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/uz/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Праздничные нерабочие дни under Article 208 of the Labour Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Трудовой кодекс, approved by Law № ЗРУ-798 of 28 October 2022, in force from 30 April 2023) — nine holidays: seven fixed national dates plus the first day of each of the two Islamic festivals. Calendar year 2026, with the weekend transfers and the additional non-working days set by the annual presidential decree applied.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Указ Президента Республики Узбекистан от 24 декабря 2025 года № УП-257 «Об установлении дополнительных нерабочих дней в период празднования официальных дат и переносе выходных дней в 2026 году» (действует до 1 января 2027 года; отменяет ПП-452 от 24.12.2024), применяющий статью 208 Трудового кодекса Республики Узбекистан (Закон РУз от 28.10.2022 г. № ЗРУ-798)","url":"https://lex.uz/ru/docs/7938924"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/uz/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"CPI inflation (year-on-year)","description":"Headline consumer price inflation, year-on-year percent, latest published month. Compiled and published monthly by the Statistics Agency under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Ўзбекистон Республикаси Президенти ҳузуридаги Статистика агентлиги, stat.uz) and republished in the Central Bank's official inflation series.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2026-06-01","source":{"name":"Центральный банк Республики Узбекистан — «Инфляция годовая, с начала года и месячная», официальный ряд годовой инфляции к соответствующему месяцу предыдущего года: июнь 2026 г. — 6,4%; источник данных — Статистическое агентство при Президенте РУз, публикация ИПЦ за июнь 2026 года от 6 июля 2026 года","url":"https://cbu.uz/ru/monetary-policy/annual-inflation/indicators/"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/uz/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate profit tax standard rate (налог на прибыль)","description":"Налог на прибыль — the standard rate on the taxable profit of resident legal entities and of non-residents operating through a permanent establishment, Article 337 of the Tax Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan (new edition, Law № ЗРУ-599 of 30 December 2019, in force from 1 January 2020). Administered by the Tax Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2020-01-01","source":{"name":"Налоговый комитет Республики Узбекистан (Правительственный портал, раздел «Солиқ»), справка «Ставка налога на прибыль составляет 15%», опубликована 14 декабря 2024 года, со ссылкой на статью 337 Налогового кодекса; ставка установлена Налоговым кодексом в новой редакции (Закон РУз от 30.12.2019 г. № ЗРУ-599), введённым в действие с 1 января 2020 года","url":"https://gov.uz/ru/soliq/news/view/30662"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/uz/corporate-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Individual income tax rate (НДФЛ / jismoniy shaxslardan olinadigan daromad solig'i)","description":"Налог на доходы физических лиц — a SINGLE FLAT rate on the taxable income of resident individuals, including employment income, under Article 381 of the Tax Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan (new edition, Law № ЗРУ-599 of 30 December 2019). Withheld at source by the payer (tax agent); individuals self-declare income not withheld at source. Residence is presence in Uzbekistan for more than 183 calendar days in any rolling 12 months.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-24","effective_from":"2020-01-01","source":{"name":"Правительственный портал Республики Узбекистан, справка «Ставки налога на доходы физических лиц»: «Доходы граждан Республики Узбекистан (резидентов) подлежат налогообложению и удержанию НДФЛ по стандартной ставке 12%», доходы в виде дивидендов и процентов — 5%; правовое основание — статья 381 Налогового кодекса Республики Узбекистан (Закон РУз от 30.12.2019 г. № ЗРУ-599, введён в действие с 1 января 2020 года)","url":"https://gov.uz/ru/advice/70/document/1325"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/uz/income-tax"}]},{"country":"VN","name":"Vietnam","currency":"VND","series":[{"id":"policy-rate","name":"Policy rate","description":"State Bank of Vietnam refinancing rate (lai suat tai cap von), the headline policy rate at which SBV lends to credit institutions.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2023-06-19","source":{"name":"Quyet dinh so 1123/QD-NHNN ngay 16/6/2023 cua Thong doc Ngan hang Nha nuoc Viet Nam ve lai suat tai cap von, lai suat tai chiet khau, lai suat cho vay qua dem trong thanh toan dien tu lien ngan hang (effective 19/6/2023; replaced Quyet dinh 950/QD-NHNN ngay 23/5/2023)","url":"https://tapchinganhang.gov.vn/ngan-hang-nha-nuoc-viet-nam-tiep-tuc-dieu-chinh-giam-lai-suat-dieu-hanh-2205.html"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/vn/policy-rate"},{"id":"vat","name":"Value added tax (Thue gia tri gia tang)","description":"Standard VAT rate applied to goods and services, currently subject to a temporary statutory 2-point reduction.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2025-07-01","source":{"name":"Nghi quyet so 204/2025/QH15 ngay 17/6/2025 cua Quoc hoi ve giam thue gia tri gia tang, implemented by Nghi dinh so 174/2025/ND-CP ngay 30/6/2025 cua Chinh phu; base rate under Luat Thue gia tri gia tang so 48/2024/QH15, Dieu 9 khoan 3","url":"https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=214209&classid=1"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/vn/vat"},{"id":"minimum-wage","name":"Minimum wage (Muc luong toi thieu vung)","description":"Statutory regional monthly minimum wage for employees under labour contracts. Vietnam operates a four-region matrix; the lowest region's floor is served.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Nghi dinh so 293/2025/ND-CP ngay 10/11/2025 cua Chinh phu quy dinh muc luong toi thieu doi voi nguoi lao dong lam viec theo hop dong lao dong, Dieu 3 khoan 1 (hieu luc 01/01/2026; bai bo Nghi dinh 74/2024/ND-CP ngay 30/6/2024)","url":"https://xdcs.cdnchinhphu.vn/446259493575335936/2025/11/10/293-2025-nd-cp-10112025-3-signed-1762770239794100377083.pdf"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/vn/minimum-wage"},{"id":"public-holidays","name":"Public holidays","description":"Statutory paid public holidays for calendar year 2026, with the officially announced Tet and National Day arrangements and Labour Code substitution applied.","free":true,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Bo luat Lao dong so 45/2019/QH14, Dieu 112 (statutory holidays) and Dieu 111 khoan 3 (substitution when a holiday falls on a weekly rest day); Cong van so 9859/VPCP-KGVX ngay 13/10/2025 cua Van phong Chinh phu ve viec nghi tet Am lich, nghi le Quoc khanh nam 2026; Nghi quyet so 28/2026/QH16 ngay 24/4/2026 cua Quoc hoi ve phat trien van hoa Viet Nam (Ngay Van hoa Viet Nam 24/11, hieu luc 01/7/2026)","url":"https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?docid=215596&pageid=27160"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/vn/public-holidays"},{"id":"cpi","name":"Consumer price index (Chi so gia tieu dung)","description":"Headline CPI inflation, year-on-year percentage change, published monthly by the National Statistics Office.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-06-01","source":{"name":"Cuc Thong ke (National Statistics Office of Vietnam, Bo Tai chinh) - 'Chi so gia tieu dung, chi so gia vang va chi so gia do la My thang Sau, quy II va 6 thang dau nam 2026', released 6 July 2026","url":"https://www.nso.gov.vn/tin-tuc-thong-ke/2026/07/chi-so-gia-tieu-dung-chi-so-gia-vang-va-chi-so-gia-do-la-my-thang-sau-quy-ii-va-6-thang-dau-nam-2026/"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/vn/cpi"},{"id":"corporate-tax","name":"Corporate income tax (Thue thu nhap doanh nghiep)","description":"Standard statutory corporate income tax rate on business profits.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2025-10-01","source":{"name":"Luat Thue thu nhap doanh nghiep so 67/2025/QH15, thong qua ngay 14/6/2025, hieu luc thi hanh tu ngay 01/10/2025 va ap dung tu ky tinh thue thu nhap doanh nghiep nam 2025 (replaces Luat Thue TNDN so 14/2008/QH12 as amended)","url":"https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=214607&classid=1&typegroupid=3"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/vn/corporate-tax"},{"id":"income-tax","name":"Personal income tax (Thue thu nhap ca nhan)","description":"Progressive personal income tax schedule on employment and business income of tax-resident individuals.","free":false,"stale":false,"last_confirmed":"2026-07-20","effective_from":"2026-01-01","source":{"name":"Luat Thue thu nhap ca nhan so 109/2025/QH15, thong qua ngay 10/12/2025 (Quoc hoi khoa XV, Ky hop thu 10), Dieu 9 khoan 2 - Bieu thue luy tien tung phan; Dieu 29 khoan 1-2 (hieu luc 01/7/2026, cac quy dinh ve thu nhap tu kinh doanh, tien luong, tien cong cua ca nhan cu tru ap dung tu ky tinh thue nam 2026)","url":"https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?pageid=27160&docid=216495&classid=1&orggroupid=1"},"url":"https://asiaref.dev/v1/vn/income-tax"}]}],"disclaimer":"Independent service, not affiliated with any government. Verify against the cited official source before legal or financial use."}